WATER MANAGEMENT FACING CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGE

I. I.HYDRIC RESOURCES IN OUR PLANET II. II.CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSES, TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION IN EARTH, EMMISSIONS EVOLUTION, BALANCE AND POSSIBLE IMPACTS III. III.CLIMATE CHANGE AND HYDRIC RESOURCES IV. IV.CLIMATE CHANGE CONSEQUENCES V. V.DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH VI. VI.WATER QUALITY ISSUE VII. VII.EFFICIENT WATER MANAGEMENT VIII. VIII.FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS IX. IX.CONCLUSIONS INDEX

HYDRIC RESOURCES IN THE EARTH Water is a clear, colorless, odorless and tasteless liquid ALTHOUGH IT IS NOT ALWAYS LIKE THAT …

GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES WATER IS VERY ABUNDANT IN THE EARTH Fresh Water Consumption Only a 2,5% is fresh water And less than the 1% can be used by Man AND A VERY SMALL FRACTION IS ACCESIBLE AND DRINKABLE

GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES Water is not consumed, it is renovated in a water cycle

GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES Nevertheless, this cycle is lately suffering modifications REASONS: Climate Change Demographic Growth Change of habits and uses Aquiferous pollution Supply improvements

CLIMATE CHANGE SOME DATA according to the IV Assessment Report of the IPCC Between 1970 and 2004, GHG emissions increased in a 70% In the last 100 years, the Earth’s average temperature increased in a 0,74ºC and will keep on raising up to 0,7ºC due to GHG The intensity and frequency of extreme phenomenon will increase : flooding, droughts, heat waves, rains etc. Fresh water availability will decrease after the first half of the XXI century In 2100, a raise of temperature between 1,8 and 4ºC is estimated, depending on the evolution of “life patterns” and the strategic decisions taken IF WE GO ABOVE 2ºC, THE IMPACTS WILL HAVE CATASTROPHIC CONSEQUENCES

CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSES

EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH’S TEMPERATURE

GHG EMISSIONS IN EUROPE Emission of green house gases per person in EU countries between 1990 and 2005 Source: Fighting Climate Change. EU leads the path

CLIMATE CHANGE BALANCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE FROM WORLDWIDE FOCUS POSITIVE ELEMENTS NEGATIVE ELEMENTS Wider worldwide awareness Increase in the knowledge of causes and mechanisms Neither fulfilling agreements nor committed objectives: Kioto Protocol (1997) EUROPEAN OBJETIVES FOR 2020 (ENERGETIC PACKAGE ): To reduce a 20% GHG emissions (30% if the agreement is managed) To decrease a 20% the consume of energy To increase a 20% renewal energies OBJETIVE : To reduce a 5,2% the global GHG emissions over the levels of 1990 SPAIN: Increases a 15% emissions since It has currently increased a 35%.

CLIMATE CHANGE CONSEQUENCES ECONOMY Resources management HEALTH Related diseases to water quality INDUSTRY AND ENERGY higher electric production and demand GLOBAL WARMING WILL DEFINE HYDRIC RESOURCES EVOLUTION as well as the economic activities that depend on it AGRICULTURE Agriculture production and productivity SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES RELATED TO WATER TOURISM tourist accommodation construction and management

DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH Demographic growth in million of people Natality data indicate that worldwide population will be doubled in the next generation DRINKING WATER DEMAND AND WASTE WATER QUANTITY WILL INCREASE

Data from the Red Cross 100 diseases related to water quality 5 million people die per year due to these diseases related to water: A CHILD DIES EACH 3 SECONDS WATER QUALITY: A BIG PROBLEM EFFECTS OF WATER QUALITY AMONG PEOPLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT QUALITY: the problem of the XXI century United Nations Report MILLION PEOLE HAVE NO ACCESS TO WATER DRINKING WATER MILLION PEOPLE HAVE NO ACCESS TO BASIC SANITATION SYSTEMS

EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF WATER To promote an efficient use and saving water To supply clean and quality water To assure and equitable and sufficient access to water To control pollution WASTE WATER TREATMENT ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER OBJETIVES To assure the Necessary Water Treatments WATER +EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT= FUTURE WATER – EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT= ?????

EFFICIENT WATER MANAGEMENT (I) TOWARDS NEW CONCEPTS OF WATER USES STRUCTURAL MEASURES NON STRUCTURAL MEASURES INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS TO STOCK ALL THE WATER WE CAN IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY Re-adaptation of water uses (saving water and reducing it’s consumption) Stop biodiversity losses Mantaining banks and riversides PRINCIPLES Efficient use of water= Saving energy Cost recovery principle Adjust territorial developments to sustainable availability of resources; (i.e inhab. System- Urban area inhab.

WATER TREATMENT PLAN OF ARAGON: 425 water treatment plants Investment: 443 M Operated: 977 M Tax: 25 euros person/year LIFE CLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY QUALITY RIVERS EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF WATER (II) Waste Water: 300 Hm³/ year BET FOR THE FUTURE

CONSIDERATIONS Why countries do no prepare themselves for a future of water scarcity ? Towards a world with less water conflicts DIALOGUE AGREEMENT JOINT PLANS WATER PRICE: Why do we consider it normal to pay 1,2 euros for 1 litre of gas, while we think it is abusive to pay more than 0,001 euros for a litre of drinking water ? WE HAVE TO CHANGE OUR AWARENESS AND OUR LIVING MODEL DRINKING WATER WILL BE THE MOST PRECIOUS GOOD IN THE FUTURE

CONCLUSIONS TOWARDS AND INTEGRATED, SUSTAINABLE AND EQUITABLE WATER MANAGEMENT (EFFICIENT AND COMPETITIVE RESOURCES IMPLEMENTATION) CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER Scenarios with a higher Water demand Improve of quantity management systems Sustainable regulations Efficient water management To start-up Quality Systems Waste Water Treatment Plans Decreasing Pollution COST RECOVERY PRINCIPLE