Aviation System Capacity Frank J. Aguilera National Aeronautics & Space Administration

World Gross Domestic Product (Trillions of US Dollars) FY80FY85FY90FY95FY00FY05FY10 Billions of Revenue Passenger Miles Fiscal Year Annual World Air Traffic 2 0 World GDP 3 Air Transportation Forecasts

Aviation System Throughput While maintaining safety, triple the Aviation System throughput, in all weather conditions, within 10 years Benefits: Enable significant improvements to critical transportation infrastructure Assure safe, reduced delay flight as air traffic density increases Improve mobility for public Improve air-traveler’s time productivity CHALLENGES OUTCOMES Safe, efficient air traffic management with all- weather operation beyond current clear- weather capacity Expanded, high productivity utilization of short-runway and runway independent aircraft within an expanded NAS 2022 Operations Systems Aircraft Configuration 10 Year Deliverables: 25 Year Deliverables: “Free Flight” operations concept (with FAA) IMC operations at current VMC rates 1st generation decision support tools and automation aids New operations paradigm All ops beyond today’s VMC rules 2nd generation ATM/AOS tools — integrated strategic/tactical planning — autonomous monitoring and advisories 10 Year Deliverables: Simultaneous, non-interference, neighborhood-friendly rotorcraft / tiltrotor operations 25 Year Deliverables: High capacity, unobtrusive operations of runway independent vehicles Technologies for high- productivity, weather-tolerant vehicles Demonstrated intermodal operations Real-time, distributed intelligent automated aviation system-wide monitoring with safety and operational advisories High productivity, weather tolerant vehicle systems with intermodal operations capability

Safe, efficient air traffic management with all- weather operation beyond current clear- weather capacity Expanded, high productivity utilization of short-runway and runway independent aircraft within an expanded NAS 2022 Operations Systems Aircraft Configuration Real-time, distributed intelligent automated aviation system-wide monitoring with safety and operational advisories High productivity, weather tolerant vehicle systems with intermodal operations capability Phase III Terminal Area Productivity Extended Operations Systems Advanced Air Traffic Technology Technology for Advanced Operational Concepts Aviation Safety Program Phase II Phase I Base R&T Program Other Agencies & Industry Systems Tech. Program; Planned and Funded Systems Tech. Program, Required but Unfunded Revolutionary High Productivity Vehicle Systems Intermodal Operations Demo Rotorcraft, Airframe Systems & Propulsion Systems Phase IPhase II FAA NAS Architecture Integration of Intelligent Aviation Systems Information Technology & Aviation Operation Systems Short-Haul Civil Tilt Rotor Short-Haul Civil Tilt Rotor 2 Advanced Runway Independent Vehicle Systems Aviation System Throughput While maintaining safety, triple the Aviation System throughput, in all weather conditions, within 10 years Benefits: Enable significant improvements to critical transportation infrastructure Assure safe, reduced delay flight as air traffic density increases Improve mobility for public Improve air-traveler’s time productivity CHALLENGES OUTCOMES Base R&T Program Other Agencies Systems Tech. Program; Planned and Funded Systems Tech. Program, Required but Unfunded Industry Industry /DoD/FAA

Overview of Capacity Program Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) Safely achieve clear-weather airport capacity in instrument-weather conditions: increasing single runway throughput 12 to 15% reducing lateral spacing below 3400 feet on parallel runways equivalent instrument/clear weather runway occupancy time Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT) In alliance with the FAA, enable next generation of increases in capacity, flexibility and efficiency, while maintaining safety, of aircraft operations within the US and global airspace system: increasing terminal throughput 40% increasing enroute throughput 20% Short-Haul Civil Tilt-Rotor (SHCT) Develop the most critical technologies to enable a civil tilt-rotor: reducing perceived noise 12 dB enabling safe terminal area operations enabling operation with one engine inoperative

SHCT Goals Efficient, Low Noise Proprotor Reduce Proprotor Noise by 6 dBA over current technology. Efficient, Low Noise Proprotor Reduce Proprotor Noise by 6 dBA over current technology. Contingency Power Engine technology to achieve One Engine Inoperative requirements in the terminal area at minimum cost Contingency Power Engine technology to achieve One Engine Inoperative requirements in the terminal area at minimum cost < 65 DNL outside confines of vertiport Low Noise Terminal Area Approach Reduce Ground Noise Impact by 6 dBA utilizing complex approach profiles, safely, under all-weather conditions Low Noise Terminal Area Approach Reduce Ground Noise Impact by 6 dBA utilizing complex approach profiles, safely, under all-weather conditions

CTR Sound Exposure Level Footprints

VALIDATION ROTONET Enhancement ROTONET Enhancement REFINEMENTS / APPLICATIONS REFINEMENTS / APPLICATIONS System Noise Code: TRAC Tilt-rotor Aeroacoustic Codes, CFD and non-CFD approach Developmental Noise Code: CAMRAD.Mod1 /HIRES Non-CFD High Resolution Wake Modeling / Loads FY 94FY 95FY 96FY 97FY 00FY 93 FY 98FY 99 TRAC 1 REFINEMENTS /APPLICATIONS for optimization and operations REFINEMENTS /APPLICATIONS for optimization and operations - helicopter BVI model VALIDATION ROTONET / FPRBVI ROTONET / FPRBVI - full aircraft trim - advanced wake models - rotor / wake /wing/fuselage interaction - hover / taxiing TRAC 2 VALIDATION - BVI TR model - helicopter and propeller mode VALIDATION REFINEMENTS / APPLICATONS for optimization and operations REFINEMENTS / APPLICATONS for optimization and operations CAMRAD.Mod1 development HIRES VALIDATION CAMRAD.Mod2 development Wopwop Wopwop+ KIRCHHOFF / FWH BARC (Broadband: Self and BWI) Langley Rotorcraft Acoustic Prediction Development

Capacity and Safety Interface Capacity Safety Interface Areas Modeling PDARS Synthetic Vision Weather Products Human Factors Safe Flight 21