Animal Systems Review and Interactions

Overview of Organ Systems Integumentary (Skin) System Nervous System Skeletal System Circulatory/ Cardiovascular System Muscular System Digestive System Lymphatic System Excretory (Urinary) System Immune System Endocrine System Respiratory System Reproductive System

Video Clip! As you watch write down: – The organ systems you see – The organs involved – Interactions between organ systems (For example, air enters lungs (respiratory) and oxygen is absorbed into the blood (circulatory))

Share! Talk with the people at your table about the organ systems and interactions you saw 3 min

Disclaimer We break the body into “systems,” but many organs have functions that belong to multiple systems Examples: – Stomach (digestive) can secrete stomach acid (endocrine) and contact to break up food (muscular) – Penis excretes urine (excretory) and semen (reproductive)

Integumentary System Functions Barrier to pathogens & foreign objects Keeps moisture in Senses temperature & sweats Major Organs Skin Sweat glands Hair

Nervous System Functions Receiving sensory input from receptors Sending messages to muscles, glands, and organs Processing information Major Organs Brain & nerves Sensory neurons Motor neurons

Reflex Arc Example: When you touch something hot- 1. Sensory neurons in skin sense temperature 2. Impulse travels to brain 3. Brain sends response signal (MOVE!) down motor neuron 4. Motor neuron makes muscle contract, causing you to move

Skeletal System Functions Structural support Protects internal organs Major Organs Bones Cartilage Bone marrow (Red and white blood cell production)

Circulatory/Cardiovascular System Functions Absorbs & transports oxygen and nutrients Delivers hormones Defense (white blood cells & antibodies) Major Organs Heart Arteries (blood with O 2 away from lungs) Veins (blood without O 2 back to lungs)

Veinous blood is not actually blue. Yes. Seriously.

Muscular System Functions Movement Pushing food through digestive tract Chewing and stomach contractions help break up food (mechanical digestion) Major Organs Gluteus maximus (skeletal muscle) Stomach (smooth muscle) Heart (cardiac muscle)

Digestive System Functions Break down food using muscle (mechanical digestion) Break down food using acids and enzymes (chemical digestion) Absorption & glucose regulation Major Organs Stomach & intestines Liver Pancreas

Turn and talk Talk with the people at your table and try to predict which systems so far are involved in: Temperature Regulation Nutrient Absorption Defense from injury and illness Integumentary – sense temperature Nervous – communication between skin and brain Muscular contractions (shivering) if too cold, sweating if too hot Muscular and skeletal – chewing (mechanical) Digestive – mechanical and chemical digestion Circulatory – absorbs nutrients and water from intestines Integumentary – provides barrier between external and internal environments Nervous – senses danger, tells muscles to move Digestive – stomach acid kill pathogens

Lymphatic System Functions Filters, collects & returns fluids to circulatory system Absorb & returns lipids from digestive system to blood Major Organs Lymph nodes & vessels Spleen Bone marrow Thymus

Excretory/Urinary System Functions Remove waste products from blood Control water concentration (kidneys) Major Organs Kidneys Bladder Urethra

Immune System Functions Destroy pathogens “Memorizes” invaders Major Organs Lymph nodes and vessels Spleen Bone marrow Thymus

Endocrine System Functions Produce hormones that – Control vital processes like water concentration in blood – Regulate blood sugar – Regulate reproductive processes Major Organs Thyroid & Pituitary glands Testes & ovaries Many organs from other systems have endocrine function (Ex. Stomach, pancreas, etc.)

Respiratory System Functions Exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen Nasal mucus & hairs, coughing & sneezing defend against invaders Major Organs Lungs Trachea Diaphragm (muscle under lungs)

Reproductive System Functions Production of gametes (sex cells) through meiosis Works closely with endocrine & excretory systems Major Organs Uterus & ovaries Penis & testes Testes & ovaries are also part of the endocrine system

Turn and talk Talk with the people at your table and try to predict which systems so far are involved in: RegulationDefense from injury/illness Reproduction Water concentration – kidneys (excretory) control how much water is filtered from blood (circulatory) Glucose levels – pancreas and liver (endocrine and digestive) control glucose in blood (circ.) Blood pressure and respiration – nervous detects changes and controls lungs (resp.), blood vessels and heart (circ.) Immune cells travel through blood (circulatory) to attack invaders Mucus in air passages (respiratory) traps pathogens Endocrine system makes hormones that travel through blood (circulatory) to stimulate and regulate organs (reproductive) Repro. Organs create gametes In mammals, circulatory system carries nutrients from digestive system of mother to fetus

BEFORE Partner 1: Monitor your partner’s respiration rate for 1 min. Write the breaths/min on your paper with the label “before.” Partner 2: Count your pulse for one minute. Write the heartbeats/min on your paper with the label “before.”

TURN DOWN FOR SCIENCE Partner 2: Exercise for 90 sec!

AFTER Partner 1: Monitor your partner’s respiration rate for 1 min. Write the breaths/min on your paper with the label “after.” Partner 2: Count your pulse for one minute. Write the heartbeats/min on your paper with the label “after.”

Answer the following: 1)What systems are involved in your exercise and HOW? Think hard… 2)What systems are left out? (Are they really) 3)What is the goal of all our body systems? 4)Which systems could a vertebrate live without? (Use evolutionary evidence to support your answer)