Victory and Defeat in the Greek World

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Presentation transcript:

Victory and Defeat in the Greek World Chapter 5 Section 3

Things to keep in mind What were the results of the Persian and Peloponnesian wars? Why did Athens enjoy a Golden age under Pericles? What led to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian wars?

The Persian Wars Athens was the wealthiest Greek City-State by 500 B.C. Threat came the Persians Look at the map on page 113

Athens (the Acropolis)

Marathon Persian Emperor Darius sent a large force to punish Athens. Persian Army landed at Marathon Athenian forces were outnumbered 2-1 Athenians forced the Persians to retreat

The run of Pheidippides Carried news of the Victory to Athens 26.2 Miles Marathon Died when he reached Athens

Predicting the future Themistocles, the leader of Athens, urged Athens to build a fleet of warships to prepare for future attacks

Xerxes sends more troops The son of Darius sends more troops from the Persian Empire Athens had joined forces with Sparta to prevent a loss to the Persian Empire

Thermopylae A small mountain pass guarded by a small Spartan force Spartan force led by King Leonidas Held for a long period of time but could not withstand the force of the Persian Army http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJZ-STX0x0c (view a movie scene from 300)

Persians march on Attack and burn Athens, but no one is there Athens retreated to safety

Themistocles was right Using the fleet he had urged them to build, the Athenians defeated the Persian fleet in the Straight of Salamis Athens defeated the Persians 1 year later Athens and Sparta defeated the Persian threat

Xerxes was sure of victory Xerxes was sure of victory. He had his throne placed on a hill overlooking the sea, in part to savor his victory and in part so his commanders would know that their king was watching them.

Results of the Persian War Increased their belief in their superiority Athens was the most powerful city-state Greece is still worried about the Persian Empire

Delian League Made up of Greek City States who wanted to protect themselves from Persia Athens dominated the League Moved the Treasury from Delos to Athens Used Delian League $ to rebuild their city

The Delian League

The Age of Pericles Golden Age for Athens Thriving economy and increased democracy Athenians had a Direct Democracy Rebuilt the Acropolis With the help of Aspasia, Pericles turned Athens into the center of Greek Culture

Greeks vs. Greeks Resentment of the Power of Athens causes Sparta and other Greek countries to form the Peloponnesian League Peloponnesian government = Oligarchy Delian government = Democracy A 27 year war was about to start

The Peloponnesian War Athens had a geographic disadvantage: Sparta was located inland

Good thought. Bad Result. In an attempt to save the people outside the city, Pericles allows everyone inside the walls of Athens The Plague strikes as a result of the overcrowding

Bad leadership The Plague kills Pericles himself Power Struggles in Athens undermined the cities Democratic Government

Did not see this one coming Sparta allies itself with The Persian Empire The Spartans defeat Athens

Sparta after the War Will lose to Thebes, another Greek city-state A new power is rising in Macedonia