1. Victory and Defeat in the Greek World

2. Key Terms
Alliance
Direct Democracy
Stipend
Jury
Ostracism

3. The Persian Wars Athens emerged as the wealthiest Greek city-state
They sent forces to help the Ionian Greeks fight the Persians
Persia was victorious
For punishment, Darius I sent a huge force across the Aegean to punish
Battle of Marathon
Overwhelmed by the fury of the Athenian assault, the Persians hastily retreated to their ships

4. Renewed Attacks
Darius’s son, Xerxes, sent a much larger force to conquer Greece
A small Spartan force guarded the narrow mountain pass at Thermopylae
Leonidas held out against the Persian Force
After defeating the Spartans, the Persians marched south and burned Athens
The Athenians lured the Persian navy into narrow strait of Salamis
Persian navy was trapped
Greeks defeated the Persians on land in Asia Minor
Marked the end of the Persian invasions

5. Results
Athens emerged from the war as the most powerful city-state in Greece
Athens organized the Delian League
Alliance with other Greek city-states
Athens dominated it

6. Athens in the Age of Pericles
Years after the Persian Wars were a golden age
Under Pericles
Athens was a direct democracy
Athenian jury included hundreds or even thousands of jurors
Citizens would vote to banish a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy

7. The Funeral Oration Pericles praised the Athenian form of government
Pericles stressed not only the rights but also the duties of citizenship
Considered one of the earliest and greatest expressions of democratic ideals

8. Economic and Cultural Life
Hired the best architects and sculptors to rebuild the Acropolis
Building projects increased Athenians’ prosperity by creating jobs for artisans and workers
Gods favored the Athenians
Pericles turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece

9. The Peloponnesian War
Other Greek states in the Delian League opposed Athenian domination
Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League
Athens faced a serious geographic disadvantage
Sparta was located inland so it could not be attacked from the sea
Many people from Athens moved within the city walls
Overpopulation led to plague
Killed 1/3 of the population
With Persian help, Sparta finally over took Athens

10. The Aftermath of War
The Peloponnesian War ended Athenian domination of the Greek world
Athenian economy revived and Athens remained the cultural center of Greece.

11. Questions to Consider
What is the Funeral Oration? Why is it important?
Explain the importance of the Age of Pericles. What did Pericles do for Athens?
What is the difference between the Persian and Peloponnesian War?