1. Greece at War!

2. Greece at War Two conflicts we study
Greek City-States against Persia (modern-day Iran)
Ionia, Athens, and Sparta v. Persia
Athens super wealthy, Sparta super jealous...
Athens v. Sparta (Peloponnesian)
Greece in tatters…No real winner...
Rise of Macedonians

3. Greeks v. Persians How did it begin?
Conflict over Greek city-state of Ionia
Large & wealthy, but they fell under Persian Rule in 500 BCE
Rebelled, asked Athens for help

5. Thermopylae
Marathon
Persian Wars
Salamis

6. Marathon-1st Persian Invasion
Darius, king of Persians, sought to crush Athens
Large Persian Army landed at Marathon, just outside of Athens
Greek Phalanx forced Persians to retreat
Horrible Histories-Spartan Phalanx
Phidippides ran all the way to Athens, pronounced victory, and died of exhaustion

7. Battle of Marathon

9. 2nd Invasion-Thermopylae
Darius I dies, Xerxes takes the throne
Athenians knew Persians would attack again, asked Sparta for help
Sparta would control Army, Athenians control the Navy
Persians advancing, Athenians needed more time to prepare

10. Thermopylae
Armed forces, led by a group of Spartans, marched to Thermopylae
Persians would have to pass, only way to reach Greece
Held Persians for days, finally defeated
Why do we discuss?

11. Salamis
Following victory at Thermopylae, Persians reached Athens & burned it
Not a total loss-Why?
Persians needed more supplies, waiting for Navy
Athenian navy lured Persians into narrow Strait of Salamis

12. Salamis Greek Triremes smaller, more maneuverable
Tore Persians to shreds
Effects?
Persian Army had no naval support; stranded & defeated within the year
Persians were not a threat again
“Golden Age of Athens”

13. Golden Age of Athens Pericles- most influential Athenian politician
Athens began paying a stipend to Assembly/Council
Commissioned Public Works (Parthenon)
Assisted in creation of Delian League

14. Delian League-Athenian Empire?
Collection of Greek city-states who agreed to defend one another
Main purpose? Rebuilding Athens (Pericles)
Supposed League of Equals, but Athens controlled the entire alliance
More joined, increasing trade & wealth as well as Athenian power
Funds came from the League, used to rebuild & renovate Athens Acropolis (Parthenon & other temples)

15. Peloponnesian War Causes? Athens & Delian League success
Sparta & creation of the Peloponnesian League
-Spartans answer to the Delian League
Each feared the other, and this mutual fear led to both declaring War!

17. Peloponnesian War Athenian Strategy
Knew they could not best the Spartans on land
Refused to fight them in open
Pericles ordered Athenians to withdraw behind walls of the city
Rely on Navy to bring in supplies

18. Plague of Athens
Probably brought in by Navy, spread through city like wildfire
Killed thousands, including Pericles
Fighting continued, but both sides agreed to a truce
Six years later, Athens attacked Spartan ally & War resumed

19. Effects
Sparta attacked on land & sea, destroying the entire Athenian Fleet
Athens destroyed- Democracy replaced with Spartan chosen Oligarchy
Sparta’s wealth & resources strained, eventually defeated by Thebes
Rise of Macedonia- Phillip II led Macedonian Army from the North & conquered all of Greece