1. Classical Greece

2. Do Now and Objective  Write the following Objective in your notebook:  Determine the causes of the Peloponnesian War, the outcome of the war, and the effect it had on Greek civilization  Read “Turning Point” on page 120 in your textbooks and answer the two Document Based Questions on the bottom of the page  Write the following Objective in your notebook:  Determine the causes of the Peloponnesian War, the outcome of the war, and the effect it had on Greek civilization  Read “Turning Point” on page 120 in your textbooks and answer the two Document Based Questions on the bottom of the page

3. The Challenge of Persia  As Greek civilization spread throughout Mediterranean, came into contact with Persian empire to the east  Ionian Greek cities in western Asia Minor had fallen to Persia by mid-500s BC  499 BC Athenian navy tried to help them revolt from Persia  Caused Persian king Darius to seek revenge on Athens  490 B.C. Persians landed on plain of Marathon, 26 miles from Athens  As Greek civilization spread throughout Mediterranean, came into contact with Persian empire to the east  Ionian Greek cities in western Asia Minor had fallen to Persia by mid-500s BC  499 BC Athenian navy tried to help them revolt from Persia  Caused Persian king Darius to seek revenge on Athens  490 B.C. Persians landed on plain of Marathon, 26 miles from Athens

4. Battle of Marathon  490 B.C. Persians land on plain of Marathon, 26 miles from Athens  Athenian army attacked and defeated Persians  According to legend, news of Persia’s defeat was brought by an Athenian runner named Pheidippides, who raced from Marathon to Athens  With last breath, announced “Victory, we win” before dropping dead  Today’s marathon race based on this heroic story  Battle of Marathon proved to the Athenians that Persians could be defeated and gave them new confidence in their city-state  490 B.C. Persians land on plain of Marathon, 26 miles from Athens  Athenian army attacked and defeated Persians  According to legend, news of Persia’s defeat was brought by an Athenian runner named Pheidippides, who raced from Marathon to Athens  With last breath, announced “Victory, we win” before dropping dead  Today’s marathon race based on this heroic story  Battle of Marathon proved to the Athenians that Persians could be defeated and gave them new confidence in their city-state

5. Persia Plots Revenge  Darius dies in 486 B.C., Xerxes becomes new Persian monarch  Xerxes vowed revenge and planned to invade Greece  To prepare for the attack, some of the Greek states formed a defensive league under the Spartans  Athenians built a navy  Xerxes led massive invasion force into Greece  Despite differences, Athenians and Spartans united by common goal of defeating Persian invaders  Greeks able to defeat Persians and take control of Aegean Sea  Darius dies in 486 B.C., Xerxes becomes new Persian monarch  Xerxes vowed revenge and planned to invade Greece  To prepare for the attack, some of the Greek states formed a defensive league under the Spartans  Athenians built a navy  Xerxes led massive invasion force into Greece  Despite differences, Athenians and Spartans united by common goal of defeating Persian invaders  Greeks able to defeat Persians and take control of Aegean Sea

6. The Athenian Empire  After defeat of Persians, Athens took over leadership of entire Greek world  478 B.C. Athenians formed defensive alliance against Persians known as Delian League  Under Athenian leadership, Delian League liberated all Greek states in the Aegean from Persian control  Athens had created an empire  Under Pericles : leader in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C. who helped create democracy  Age of Pericles: height of Athenian power and brilliance  After defeat of Persians, Athens took over leadership of entire Greek world  478 B.C. Athenians formed defensive alliance against Persians known as Delian League  Under Athenian leadership, Delian League liberated all Greek states in the Aegean from Persian control  Athens had created an empire  Under Pericles : leader in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C. who helped create democracy  Age of Pericles: height of Athenian power and brilliance

7. Roots of the Peloponnesian War  After defeat of Persians, Greek world divided into two sides 1.Athenian empire and the Delian League 2.Sparta and its supporters: The Peloponnesian League  Athens and Sparta had very different societies and couldn’t tolerate the other’s systems  Sparta feared the growing power of the Athenian empire  Series of disputes led to outbreak of Great Peloponnesian War in 431 B.C.  After defeat of Persians, Greek world divided into two sides 1.Athenian empire and the Delian League 2.Sparta and its supporters: The Peloponnesian League  Athens and Sparta had very different societies and couldn’t tolerate the other’s systems  Sparta feared the growing power of the Athenian empire  Series of disputes led to outbreak of Great Peloponnesian War in 431 B.C.

8. The Peloponnesian War  Began in 431 B.C.  Strategies of each side:  Athens  Planned to remain behind city’s protective walls and receive supplies from their colonies and navy  Sparta  Surrounded Athens, hoping Athenians would send their army to fight outside the walls  Sparta had stronger army, Athens had stronger navy  Second year of war, plague broke out in overcrowded city of Athens  Killed more than one-third of the people, including Pericles  Athens continued to fight on for another 25 years  405 B.C.-Athens’ fleet is destroyed  Within the year, Athens surrendered  Walls torn down, navy disbanded, Athenian empire destroyed  Began in 431 B.C.  Strategies of each side:  Athens  Planned to remain behind city’s protective walls and receive supplies from their colonies and navy  Sparta  Surrounded Athens, hoping Athenians would send their army to fight outside the walls  Sparta had stronger army, Athens had stronger navy  Second year of war, plague broke out in overcrowded city of Athens  Killed more than one-third of the people, including Pericles  Athens continued to fight on for another 25 years  405 B.C.-Athens’ fleet is destroyed  Within the year, Athens surrendered  Walls torn down, navy disbanded, Athenian empire destroyed

9. Outcome and Effect on Greek Society  Weakened major Greek city-states  Ruined any possibility of cooperation  During next 67 years, Sparta, Athens, and Thebes (new Greek power) struggled to dominate Greek affairs  By continuing their wars, Greeks ignored the growing power of Macedonia to the north  This would eventually cost them their freedom  Weakened major Greek city-states  Ruined any possibility of cooperation  During next 67 years, Sparta, Athens, and Thebes (new Greek power) struggled to dominate Greek affairs  By continuing their wars, Greeks ignored the growing power of Macedonia to the north  This would eventually cost them their freedom