Opening Question (12/6/10) Name and describe the three social classes of both Athens and Sparta ATHENS SPARTA Ishmael Discussion Board #9 is due Sunday!!!!! Ishmael Discussion Board #8 was due last night…  World Sim Activity #2 (Economic Plan) is due next Wednesday (12/15)

The Persian War, Age of Pericles, and the Peloponnesian War Ancient Greece The Persian War, Age of Pericles, and the Peloponnesian War

SOL Objectives WHI.5 d) evaluate the significance of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. WHI.5 e) characterize life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles

Instructional Objectives WHI.5.7 – Describe the causes, key events, and effects of the Persian War WHI.5.8 – Describe the characteristics of the Golden Age of Pericles WHI.5.12 - Explain the causes and results of the Peloponnesian War (ca. 431 – 404 B.C.) on Greece

PERSIAN WARS – 499-450 BC (CAUSES) King Cyrus of Persia conquers Greek colonies on Asia Minor 546 BC Set up tyrants to rule Greek City-States on Asia Minor Remember that Greeks value their freedom Athenians aided rebelling Ionia (Asia Minor) against Persian rule (Ionian Revolt) did it in order to preserve Greek trade routes Angered the Emperor Darius and he wanted to secure the safety of his empire by defeating the rest of Greece Persia still won and wanted to punish the Athenians and the other Greeks First Darius and then his son Xerxes will attempt to conquer Greece

Persian Wars (Key Events) Persian ruler Darius invades mainland Greece from the north in 492 BC Persians conquers the city-states of Thrace and Macedonia They also conquer several other City-States and force others to remain neutral or ally with them Athenians meet the Persians at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC Athenians and allies Plataeans are outnumbered but still managed to win Had better armor, the Phalanx formation, and something to fight for

Key Events (Persian Wars – Xerxes) ** After the Defeat at Marathon, Darius pulled back his forces from Athens and Greece. His son Xerxes I, takes control in 486 BC determined to honor his fathers memory. * He gathers the largest force he can to invade Greece (over 100,000 soldier and several hundred ships) * He is met at the Thermopylae Pass by the Spartans in 476 BC * The Spartans are able to hold the pass for days due to their disciplined fighting style * Persians won but the Spartans bought time for the rest of Greece to prepare * Athens is evacuated and the Greek fleet moves itself to the straight of Salamis

Naval Battle of Salamis(480 BC) and the Battle of Plataea (479 BC) 1. Athenians move fleet to Salamis Strait and decide to meet the Persian fleet there Persian fleet greatly outnumbered the Greek fleet Greeks used the strait to make the Persian number of ship useless They decisively destroy much of the fleet Xerxes moves a large part of his army out of Greece after this 2. The remainder of the Persian Army meets a coalition of Greek City-States at Plataea in 479 BC * Greeks handily defeat the rest of the Persian Army thus eliminating the threat of the Persians ever conquering Greece * Greeks will start to take the offensive after these two battles

Significance and Effects of the Persian Wars First time the Greek City-States unite (Sparta and Athens forced to work together) Ends Persian threat of Greek freedom Greeks completely control Aegean Sea **Delian League formed (Headed by Athens and not Spartans) in 478 BC became the basis of Athenian empire by 450 BC Athenian independence preserved and continued innovation in government and culture (No Democracy without this victory) Spartans develop their own league (Peloponnesian League) Athens and Sparta compete for control and influence over Greece

GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES Who was Pericles? Athenian leader who was a great general, orator, and statesman Lived from 495- 429 BC (During his life Athens reached the height of its power) Athenian Democracy expanded Threat of banishment for non-participation in government Rights of Citizenship are expanded – no women or slaves still

3 Main Goals of Pericles Strengthen Athenian Democracy Pay Public Officials – They will do better if they do Athens truly becomes a direct democracy To hold and strengthen the Empire Used Delian League money to build a strong navy To Glorify Athens Money was used to rebuild the Parthenon and support artisans to beautify Athens

GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES Occurs b/w Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Athens and Parthenon rebuilt Athenians controlled Aegean Sea Greek City-States had to adopt Athens system of weights and measurements Athens came to dominate the Delian League and had to constantly work to maintain control

End of Day Question (12.3) Name two causes of the Persian Wars Name two major Battles and what happened. Name two effects of the Persian Wars