1. ATHENS and
SPARTA

3. Phalanx
Both city-states or poleis (plural of polis =city-state) fought with men making a phalanx, but the Spartans trained for war every day, while Athenians didn’t.

4. 5 Ephors: ran Sparta by making all decisions, but served only one year
This is SPARTA
5 Ephors: ran Sparta by making all decisions, but served only one year
2 Kings: kings for life, in charge ofreligious ceremonies and leading army in war
Apella: all Spartan men over 30 called Equals who voted by shouting as loud as possible
Gerousia: council of 30 men (2 kings and 28 others over 60) they were elected for life by the Apella ; they served as judges in criminal cases
OLIGARCHY
Council of Elders
Spartan Childhood
What Is A Spartans Profession?
Periocei: non-Spartans who made things the Spartans needed and brought in goods the Spartans needed
Assembly
Helots: conquered people who the Spartans owned as slaves, they grew all the food for the Spartans. They outnumbered the Spartans, which is why the Spartans always trained to fight

5. The First Constitution
This is ATHENS
Reforms of Solon
The First Constitution
Limited amount of land a person could own
All landowners could now vote
Only the ASSEMBLY could make laws
All debts were erased, start from scratch
People in slavery from debt were freed
Artisans and craftsmen could become citizens
All sons had to be taught a trade by their fathers

6. Reforms of Peisitratus
This is ATHENS
Reforms of Peisitratus
He was a tyrant who got power from the help of the poorer citizens
Divided large estates and gave them to farmers who owned no land
Gave citizenship to all even if you didn’t own land
Encouraged sculpture and other arts to entertain people

7. Reforms of Cleisthenes
This is ATHENS
Reforms of Cleisthenes
Opened the ASSEMBLY to all males over 20
Gave freedom of speech
Council of 500 had term limit of 2 years so everyone could have a turn
At 7 boys had to start schooling= reading, writing, math, and music
Citizenship at 18 if promise to:
1) make Athens a better place
2) be honorable in battle
3) follow the constitution
4) respect the gods and religion

8. This is ATHENS Reforms of Pericles
He was the leader of Athens during its “GOLDEN AGE” in which the Athens formed the DELIAN LEAGUE =city-states give Athens money to be ready for future Persian invasions. Under his rule of 40 years he:
Rebuilds temples destroyed by the Persians including the Parthenon
Built the Long Walls connecting Athens to the sea for defense
Had art, philosophy, and literature grow
Led Athens in the Peloponnesian War

9. DEMOCRACY This is ATHENS
Assembly (Ekklesia): all Athenian citizens = men over ,000 were needed to hold a meeting, they voted on all issues
9 Archons: these were citizens who were in charge of religious ceremonies and picked by lottery
Council of 500: 50 members were picked by lottery by one of the 10 tribes in Athens; they made the laws and put things to vote in the Assembly
10 Strategoi: ten generals who were in charge of the army. They carried out the laws. During the wars they ran the government, at the end of Athens power they made the day to day decisions
Jurors: 6,000 were chosen by lottery for a year. They were broken up into 500 to hear cases
DEMOCRACY
Metics: foreigners who came to Athens to trade, they were not citizens, but over time could become citizens

10. This is ATHENS: The POLIS

11. This is ATHENS: The ACROPOLIS

13. ATHENIANS SPARTANS Our women train to be fit No reading here
Our boys train to be soldiers
No writers here
Our women are not allowed out of the house
We have kings who make our laws
No foreigners here
Our boys go to school
We throw out visitors
We welcome visitors
We like books and free speech
We don’t trade, we allow others to do it
We welcome writers
We trade with everyone

14. The Persian Wars

15. The Persian Wars
The war starts because Greeks on the mainland help Greeks in Ionia in Asia Minor revolt against the Persians.
The first war is fought by the Persian King Darius.
Battle of Marathon: the Athenians destroy the Persian army as it lands from the sea. 192 Athenians die compared to 6,400 Persians (200,000 Persians according to Herodotus)
A runner runs 26 miles to Athens to celebrate the victory and yells “NIKE”, then dies= the marathon race gets its name from this battle
Darius
Xerxes
Ionian Revolt

16. The Persian Wars
Xerxes, the son of Darius, vows to conquer Greece and avenge his father’s loss.
Battle of Thermopylae- 300 Spartans and other Greeks defend the small pass and hold off the invasion of the Spartans (see first image=Persian Wars title)
Xerxes will capture Athens and burn the city, but the Athenians flee to the island of Salamis
Battle of Salamis- a naval battle in which the Athenians trick Xerxes into the small strait and use their smaller and faster ships to kill thousands of Persians
Battle of Plataea- the Greeks defeat the last Persian army left by Xerxes in Greece
Xerxes

17. Bridge over the Hellespont
Xerxes Invasion
Bridge over the Hellespont

18. The Peloponnesian War

19. The Peloponnesian War SPARTA vs. ATHENS
As the Athenians try to expand their trade and empire they come into conflict with an ally of Sparta leading to the Peloponnesian War.
Sparta only wins the war after over 30 years of fighting by getting the Persians to give them a fleet
The Athenians lose power as the most powerful city-state
Sparta will not rule long after the war as the city-state of Thebes will take power from the Spartans