Biology What’s an Animal? Read Chap 28 Image from:

Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods

Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Characteristics of ALL Animals: 1.Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles 2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms 3. Are ____________________ made of many cells 4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs EUKARYOTES HETEROTROPHIC MULTICELLULAR SPECIALIZATION

Characteristics of ALL Animals: 5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger 6.Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code 7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual) MOVE REPRODUCE DNA 8. ________________________ allows flexibility NO CELL WALL

Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

___________________ No symmetry Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves. ASYMMETRY Image from:

_______ Symmetry Get 2 identical halves in several directions. Radial Jelly fish image: Image from:

___________ Symmetry If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ONE direction Bilateral Image from:

3. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: 1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? 2.What do embryos look like as they divide? 3.When do cells decide what they will be?

Image from: EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Digestive system, respiratory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

________________ Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area) CEPHALIZATION

FISHES (yes, that’s the proper word) I. EVOLUTIONICHTHYOLOGY (the study of fish) Draw diagram from Marine Biology Text pg. 179 Phylogenetic Tree

II. CLASSIFICATION Kingdom Animalia PhylumChordata dorsal nerve chord Subphylum –Vertebrata :dorsal backbone made of cartilage or bone

A. class AGNATHA ex. lamprey, hagfish - jawless and limbless - parasitic on other fish - earliest vertebrate fossils - skeleton of cartilage

B. class CHONDRICHTHYES ex. cartilage fish, shark, ray, skate - skeleton of cartilage - scales and teeth are bone like - constantly swim to force water over the gills - no swim bladder for bouyance oily liver - spiracles in bottom dwelling species

C. class OSTEICHTHYES Ex. bony fish, trout, tuna, flounder, sea horse - operculum (covering of the gills) - scales are discs of bone - chromatophores (pigment cells) - 75% of all vertebrate species belong to this class - 2 chambered heart - swim bladder for floatation (filled with air)

III. REPRODUCTION Synonym: Spawning Materials: –Sperm milt –Eggs roe –Reproduction is determined by 2 factors: 1. Age 2. Season

Types of Reproduction 1. Egg laying - most bony fish 2.Live bearing- internal fertilization and internal development. Not very common, pioneered by Chondrichthyes

Methods to Protect Eggs Camouflage Mouth incubation Guard the nest

EXTERNAL INTERNAL DEVELOPMENTvs.DEVELOPMENT Many eggsfew eggsfewest eggs No careprotectionincubation Few survive higher % survive highest % survive ENERGY/ BENEFIT RATIO A limited amount of energy can be shared in different ways. % of survival is different but overall numbers remain about the same

Crossword and Fish Diagram worksheet