UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe

-Algonquian, is a culture and a language UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter The Algonquian -Algonquian, is a culture and a language -Algonquians are an aboriginal people that migrated from the Atlantic Coast (Canada) -They have traditionally settled along the St. Lawrence Seaway and North and South of the Great Lakes -Historically, their enemy has been the Iroquois -Algonquian tribes helped establish the base of the fur trade Page 1

-The Ojibwe are one of the largest Algonquian tribes in North America UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter The Ojibwe -The Ojibwe are one of the largest Algonquian tribes in North America -The Ojibwe are related to Ottawa and Potawatomi -Approximately 150 bands of Ojibwe -Historically, the Ojibwe were semi-nomadic peoples -The French gave the Ojibwe the name Chippewa Page 2

Chapter UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Page 3

-Generally, the Ojibwe lived in dwellings such as wigwams and tepees UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter Ojibwe Culture -Generally, the Ojibwe lived in dwellings such as wigwams and tepees -Homes needed to be portable to accommodate their nomadic lifestyle -Women wore long dresses with removable sleeves -Men wore breechcloths and leggings Page 4

-The Ojibwe were hunters and gathers UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter Ojibwe Culture (Cont.) -The Ojibwe were hunters and gathers -They gathered wild rice, nuts and fruits -They hunted small and large game as well as fished for survival -The Ojibwe used birch bark canoes to travel on major waterways Page 5

In the 1850s the Sioux are forced from the Great Lakes region UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter Conflict From the 1730’s–1850’s, the Ojibwe and Dakota Sioux war over control of the western Great Lakes region In the 1850s the Sioux are forced from the Great Lakes region In 1745, the Ojibwe move inland They establish the first permanent settlement at Lac Courte Oreilles at headwaters of Chippewa River Page 6

During the French and Indian War the Ojibwe ally with the French UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter The British, Then U.S. During the French and Indian War the Ojibwe ally with the French Initially the Ojibwe distrust the British The Ojibwe did not participate in Pontiac’s Rebellion Page 7

During the French and Indian War the Ojibwe ally with the French UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter The British, Then U.S. During the French and Indian War the Ojibwe ally with the French Initially the Ojibwe distrust the British The Ojibwe did not participate in Pontiac’s Rebellion Relations eventually strengthen (1783-1815) Although the U.S. controls this territory (WI), the Ojibwe continue to trade with the British until the end of the War of 1812 Relations with U.S. settlers are very poor Page 7

1825 Prairie du Chien (tribal disputes) UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter Treaties 1825 Prairie du Chien (tribal disputes) 1826 Fond du Lac (U.S. mineral disputes) 1837 Ojibwe sell land in North-central WI 1842Ojibwe sell lands in Northern WI--however retained the right to hunt, fish and gathering on ceded territory Page 8

1825 Prairie du Chien (tribal disputes) UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter Treaties 1825 Prairie du Chien (tribal disputes) 1826 Fond du Lac (U.S. mineral disputes) 1837 Ojibwe sell land in North-central WI 1842 Ojibwe sell lands in Northern WI--however retained the right to hunt, fish and gathering on ceded territory 1854 Creation of four Indian Reservations -Bad River -Red Cliff -Lac du Flambeau -Lac Courte Oreilles 1887Dawes Act encourages Ojibwe to give up tribal membership and take on more “white” ways Page 8

Chapter UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Page 9

1991Harvest of timber restricted UNIT #2 Early Encounters Notes The Ojibwe Chapter Court Decisions -Native American tribes are considered “nations” and thus are dealt with at a federal (and often state) level—not local 1972 WI Supreme Court decide N.A. have rights to fish in Lake Superior without state regulation 1978-1985Ojibwe rights to hunt/fish on ceded territory taken away, then given back 1987-1991State debates and hands down rulings limiting the harvest of resources to reasonable numbers 1991Harvest of timber restricted Page 10