Basic Rules for Using Commas and Semi-Colons Mrs. Snyder.

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Presentation transcript:

Basic Rules for Using Commas and Semi-Colons Mrs. Snyder

Comma Rules 1. Use a comma before the conjunction that joins the two independent clauses in a compound sentence. FANBOYS Ex: I like working outside, and I also enjoy reading.

Comma Rules 2. Use a comma after a lengthy introductory phrase or a dependent clause. Only when this phrase or clause come first Ex: After she learned the rules for using commas, her grades improved.

Comma Rules 3. Use commas to separate items in a series. Ex: Amy ordered two hamburgers, a Coke, and a large order of fries.

Comma Rules 4. Use commas before and after nonessential elements. Ex: Horace Mann Elementary, which is the smallest school in the district, enrolls only 160 students.

Comma Rules 5.Use commas between adjectives of equal importance that modify the same noun. Trick: Reverse them, if the sentence sounds funny do NOT use a comma between them. Ex: The field was a slippery, wet mess. Ex: Her big blue eyes and bright red hair made her strikingly beautiful.

Comma Rules 6. Use commas to separate the elements of dates and places. Ex: The date was June 12, Ex: He was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota

Comma Rules 7. Use a comma before a direct quotation. Ex: When asked if he had studied for the test, Paul replied, “Only a little”.

Comma Rules 8. Use commas before and after words and phrases like “however” and “nevertheless” that serve as interrupters. Ex: Adam did not like math; he did, however, love Mrs. Snyder’s English class!

Semi-colon Rules 1. Use a semi-colon in place of the comma and conjunction to join the two independent clauses in a compound sentence. 2 complete thoughts (subject + predicate) Ex: I like working outside; I also enjoy reading.

Semi-Colon Rules 2. Use a semi-colon before a conjunctive adverb (such as however and therefore) that joins two independent clauses. ***Be sure to put a comma after the conjunctive adverb*** Ex: I like working outside; however, I also enjoy reading.

Semi-colon Rules 3. Use semi-colons to separate elements in a series if they contain internal punctuation. Ex: On his fishing trip, Jeff caught rainbow, brook, and lake trout; large- mouth, small mouth, and white bass; and a few northern pike.