APA Style…light! APA Citation 6 th ed. for COM 115 Original presentation created by Laura Burrows, former Writing Center Consultant

About $30 MAJOR CHANGES new ethics guidance new journal article reporting standards simplified heading style updated guidelines for reducing bias new guidelines for reporting inferential statistics significantly revised table of statistical abbreviations new instruction on using supplemental files expanded content on the electronic presentation of data expanded discussion of electronic sources emphasizing the role of the digital object identifier (DOI) expanded discussion of the publication process

Page setup 1” on every side of the document Single-space within each section of the outline; no extra spaces between paragraphs (new Word must be adjusted!) 12 pt font TWO spaces follow punctuation Style Avoid colloquial expressions Avoid the use of second person “you” Avoid biased language (see “General Guidelines for Reducing Bias,” APA Manual 6 th edition, p ) Mechanics Use active rather than passive voice Select tense carefully Be careful about subject-verb agreement See APA Manual 6 th edition Chapters 3 and 4 for APA preferred standards

Title PageBodyReferences

 Running head  Now included in the header  NOTE: This means that the Running head appears on EVERY PAGE OF THE PAPER!  BUT! Only in the first printing of 6 th edition…6 th 2.0 is on first line…CONFUSED YET?  Type “Running head”  a colon  then an abbreviated version of the title in all caps title in all caps  No more than 50 characters, spaces included  Title  Concise statement of main topic  Fully explanatory on its own  Author Name(s)  Omit titles (Dr., Professor) and degrees (PhD, EdD, MD, etc.)  Institutional Affiliation  If none, list city and state of residency  Author Note (if applicable)

COM 115 Title Page  Header  Right Justified  Appears on every page  Type a shortened version of the title  5 spaces  page number  Running head:  Type “Running head:”  a colon  An abbreviated version of the title in all caps  No more than 50 characters, including spaces  Title of Paper  Concise statement of the main topic  Fully explanatory on its own  Author’s Name  Omit titles (Dr., Professor) and degrees (PhD, EdD, MD, etc.)  Institutional Affiliation  If none, list city of residence

COM 115 Cites are IntegratedORAL CITATION Cite Your Sources APA StyleCites are Parenthetical Dr. Bourhis says in his 2009 text, Civility in Public Discourse, a text in which he asserts… In 2009, Dr. John Bourhis published in Civility in Public Discourse, a text in which he asserts that…

Plagiarism is…  …using someone else’s words or ideas as though they were your own.  …deliberately stealing someone’s work.  …paying someone to write a paper.  …a serious offense.

Don’t need to cite:  Ideas widely believed to be true.  Folklore, stories, songs, or saying without an author but commonly known.  Quotations widely known and used.  Information shared by most scholars in your discipline.  WHEN IN DOUBT…  CITE!

These have changed from the 5 th edition! Level One is Centered, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase Level Two is Flush Left, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase Level Three is Indented, bold, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. The paragraph follows. Level Four is indented, bold, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. The paragraph follows. Level Five is indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. The paragraph follows. Good news! Now, you will follow the pattern of levels from the top down: if you have one level, use Level 1; if you have two levels, use Levels 1 and 2; and so on. American Psychological Association (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association

Writing the Outline for Speeches Single space the text of the outline Double space between major sections Retype the title on the first page of the outline (the 2 nd page of your manuscript) Specific Purpose: Central Idea: Desired Response: Center the title of major sections

Transitions are written as complete sentences Contained in parentheses Double spacing sets off transitions from the rest of the outline

You DO need to cite:  When using someone else’s exact words  When using someone else’s data (statistics, etc.)  When using someone else’s figures (tables, graphs, images)  When stating someone’s unique idea You DON’T need to cite:  Your own unique ideas  Common knowledge

Reference lists should be alphabetized by the  Reference lists should be alphabetized by the last name of the first authors listed.  Remember, you can not change the order of authors within the study!  Nothing precedes something: Green, E. C. (2000). Greene, B. A. (1994). Harrison, M. R. (2004). Harrison, M. R., & Blake, C. D. (2001)

Multiple works by the same author:One author: arrange chronologically Blake, B. R. (1990) Blake, B. R. (1993) One author, same year: order by title Blair, S. M. (2000a). Care and feeding… Blair, S. M. (2000b). Observations…

Some journals begin each issue where the last left off:  Volume 1, issue 1: page  Volume 1, issue 2: page  These journals are paginated by volume, and do not require the issue number in the reference citations Paginated by issue Journals whose issues each begin on page one require the issue number in the reference page to specify the issue in which an article appears:  Volume 23, issue 1: page  Volume 23, issue 2: page  [An article listed in volume 23, page 189, would not tell a reader which issue contained the article]

When no DOI is included and the URL is given, a retrieved date is needed unless the source material may change over time (e.g., wikis)