Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Physiology.

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Peripheral Nervous System
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Presentation transcript:

Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Physiology

PNS Components: ► All Nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord (CNS). ► Reminder: What’s a nerve? What’s a nerve? A bundle of axons (fibers)!

Categories of Nerves ► Motor (efferent) nerves conduct impulses from CNS ► Sensory (afferent) nerves conduct impulses toward CNS conduct impulses toward CNS ► Mixed nerves have both motor and sensory fibers have both motor and sensory fibers * the most common type of nerve!!! * the most common type of nerve!!!

The Cranial Nerves ► connect directly with the BRAIN ► 12 pairs  1 st 2 pairs connect to cerebrum  All others connect to brain stem  Extend to areas in the head/neck only (with one exception!) (with one exception!)

Cranial Nerve Names I.OLFACTORY SMELL (SENSORY)

II.OPTIC VISION / SENSORY SIGHT

III.OCULOMOTORIV.TROCHLEAR Moves MOTOR eyeballs Moves MOTOR eyeballs

V. TRIGEMINAL SENSORY (face) MOTOR (chewing)

VI.ABDUCENS Moves MOTOR Eye

VIIFACIAL Facial MOTOR Expression TasteSENSORY

VIII.AUDITORY Hearing/ SENSORY balance

IXGLOSSOPHARYNGEAL Tongue/ SENSORY Pharynx MOTOR

X. VAGUS Organs of SENSORY Chest/ MOTOR abdomen

XI.ACCESSORY Head / Neck MOTOR Muscles

XII.HYPOGLOSSAL Tongue MOTOR movement

REFLEXES ► Definition:   rapid, involuntary response to stimulus ► Reflexes can be :  Pre-programmed for survival!  Learned / Acquired

► Reflex Arcs:  Neuron pathways that carry impulses involved in generating a reflex

Reflex Arc Components ► Receptor ► A sensory (afferent) neuron ► Integration center ► Synapse ► interneuron(s) ► A motor (efferent neuron) ► Effector of some sort (usually muscle)

Two Major Reflex Categories 1. SOMATIC REFLEXES: Result in activation of skeletal muscles Result in activation of skeletal muscles 2. VISCERAL REFLEXES: Result in activation of internal organs/effectors

Reflex Examples ► Stretch Reflex:  Muscle contracts to counteract stretch stimulus

► Withdrawal Reflex  Stimulus (Pain or Perceived threat) leads to withdrawal of threatened body part!

► Plantar Reflex  normal ► Babinski Reflex  infants

others Abdominal Reflexes Blink Reflexes Reaction-time Reflexes Pupillary Reflexes

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