The Early Republic Launching the New Government

Chapter 9, Section 1: Washington Takes Office

Main Idea  As the nation’s first President, George Washington faced many economic and political challenges.

I. Washington’s First Steps A.Everything he did set a precedent for those who followed 1. Stepped down after 2 terms 2. First Cabinet 3. Federal Court System

I. Washington’s First Steps  Washington’s Cabinet: – Made up by: Heads of departments – Two most influential leaders: Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson – Job of the Cabinet To give advice to Washington

I. Washington’s First Steps  Federal Court System: – Set up by the Judiciary Act – 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices – First Chief Justice of the U.S.: John Jay

II. Hamilton’s Plan A.Proposed paying off national debt A. Debt of Federal goovernment and states B Compromise put US capital in District of Columbia and paid off debt C Established Bank of the United States and protective tariffs

II. Hamilton’s Plan  Job of the Bank: – Pay off gvn’t bills – Make loans  Protective Tariffs: – Purpose: to protect local industry from foreign compitition

III.The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) A.Backcountry farmers refused to pay the tax B.Washington showed the strength, and mercy of the new gvn’t by: Pardoning all people involved

Chapter 9, Section 2: Creating a Foreign Policy

Main Idea  As the French Revolution and wars raged in Europe, President Washington steered a neutral course in foreign affairs.

I. Foreign Policy A.Washington advocated a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs B.Neutrality Proclamation: A. Not support either side

I. Foreign Policy  Jay’s Treaty: 1) Britain must pay for damages to U.S. ships 2) Britain must give up forts in the west (U.S.) 3) U.S. must pay debts to British Merchants

Chapter 9, Section 3: Political Parties Emerge

Main Idea  During the 1790s, two political parties were formed: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans

I. Federalists A.Led by: ___________ B.Believed wealthy and well-educated should lead nation C.Favored strong central government D.Favored manufacturing, trade, cities

I. Federalists (cont’d) E.Preferred loose interpretation of the Constitution F.Wanted close ties with Britain G.Supported national bank H.Supported protective tariffs

II. Democratic- Republicans A.Led by: _________________ B.Believed people should have political power C.Wanted to keep federal gvn’t small/have strong state gvn’t D.Believed farming should be the backbone of the nation

II. Democratic- Republicans (cont’d) E.Supported strict interpretation of Constitution F.Favored ties with France G.Opposed national bank H.Opposed protective tariffs

III. Election of 1796 A.John Adams (Federalist) won B.Thomas Jefferson (Democratic- Republican) finished second C.President and Vice President from different political parties