1. Launching the New Republic

2.  Inaugurated in NYC  Felt enormous burden  Precedent-sets example for others.

3.  5 Departments (Cabinet)  Cabinet- advises & assists President & directs departments  Picked well-known leaders

4.  Congress organizes federal court system  Supreme Court  1 Chief Justice  5 Associate Justices  John Jay-first Chief Justice  Set up a system of lower courts

5.  Total amount of money owed to others  Borrowed from foreign countries & citizens during Revolution  Issued bonds

6.  Buy up all old bonds & sell new ones  Pay off federal & state debts  Opposed by Madison  Felt speculators would take advantage

7.  Move capital to the South between Maryland & Virginia  Known as District of Columbia  Southerners agreed  Capital moved from NYC to Philadelphia temporarily

8.  Hamilton asked Congress to create the Bank of the US  Tax money could be deposited  Issue paper money  Make loans to farmers & businesses

9.  Hamilton wanted a tax on imports  Encouraged to “Buy American”  Northerners (factories) supported  Southerners (farms) opposed

10.  Tax on liquor made & sold in the US  Hurt farmers  Western Pennsylvania  Washington called in the militia  Farmers backed down & the government showed its strength

11.  Radicals executed thousands loyal to the King  Turned violent & lost American support  Jefferson supported France while Hamilton did not  European rulers feared it would spread to their land

12.  Wars in Europe  Washington’s Foreign Policy  Neutrality Proclamation  No support for French or British

13.  British gave up forts in US  Americans paid old debts  Did not protect American ships

14.  Set many precedents  Served 2 terms  Farewell Address  Avoid permanent alliances  Avoid involvement in European affairs  Avoid political parties  Retired to Mt. Vernon

15.  Hamilton (Sec. of Treasury)  Jefferson (Sec. of State)  Disagreed on many issues  Both wanted a democratic govt. where the people rule Newspapers took sides, formed public opinion, & kept people informed on issues!

16.  Hamilton (Federalist)  Wealthy & educated  Strong central govt.  Manufacturing, trade & shipping-North  Loose Interpretation  Pro-British  National Bank  Protective Tariff  Jefferson (Dem. Rep.)  “Ordinary” people  Strong state govt.  Agriculture-South  Strict Interpretation  Pro-French  Opposed Bank  Opposed Tariff

17.  Close Race  Adams (Federalist) becomes 2 nd President  Most votes  Jefferson (Dem. Rep.) becomes V-Pres.  Second highest votes

18.  France objected to Jay’s Treaty & began seizing US ships  Adams sent diplomats  Talleyrand’s agents (XYZ) offered Americans a deal (bribe)  No deal!  US remained neutral but strengthened the Navy

19.  Alien Act  expel any foreigner thought to be dangerous  Immigrants had to wait 14 years to become citizens  Sedition Act  citizens fined or jailed if they criticized the government or stirred up rebellion  Dem. Rep. (Jefferson) said laws violated freedom

20.  Jefferson urged states to take action  Resolutions passed that said each state “has an equal right to judge for itself” whether a law is constitutional (nullify)  States’ rights?

21.  Jefferson, Burr, & Adams  Jefferson & Burr each received 73 votes  House of Representatives decided the election  Jefferson won & became 3 rd President