German Absolutism
Central Monarchs Clash The Thirty Years’ War ( ) The Thirty Years’ War ( ) Fought between Protestants (Hapsburgs) and Catholics in the Holy Roman EmpireFought between Protestants (Hapsburgs) and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire Naval warfare expanded its destructionNaval warfare expanded its destruction Helped to shape colonial formation of future nationsHelped to shape colonial formation of future nations First 12 years, Catholics are successfulFirst 12 years, Catholics are successful Next 18 years, Protestants gain the advantage….with the help of French Catholics!Next 18 years, Protestants gain the advantage….with the help of French Catholics!
Hapsburg Crest – Dual Headed Eagle SpainAustria
The Peace of Westphalia Ends the Thirty Years’ War Ends the Thirty Years’ War Hapsburgs of Spain and Austria weakenedHapsburgs of Spain and Austria weakened France was strengthened (Gained German territory)France was strengthened (Gained German territory) Religious wars in Europe endedReligious wars in Europe ended German princes were independent of HREGerman princes were independent of HRE Peace negotiation to end wars startedPeace negotiation to end wars started Beginning of Modern States Beginning of Modern States Ended the idea of a Catholic empireEnded the idea of a Catholic empire
States Form in Central Europe Economic Contrasts with the West Economic Contrasts with the West Serfdom still strong in eastern EuropeSerfdom still strong in eastern Europe Blocked the development of strong KingsBlocked the development of strong Kings Weak Empires Weak Empires Ottoman Empire & Holy Roman EmpireOttoman Empire & Holy Roman Empire Will leave a power vacuum in Central Europe Will leave a power vacuum in Central Europe The rise of Austria and Prussia The rise of Austria and Prussia Due to the end of the Holy Roman EmpireDue to the end of the Holy Roman Empire
Austria Grows Austria Grows Stronger Austria Grows Stronger Gains Hungary and BohemiaGains Hungary and Bohemia Wiped out ProtestantismWiped out Protestantism Maria Theresa Inherits the Throne Maria Theresa Inherits the Throne Fought constantly with Prussia & surrounding areasFought constantly with Prussia & surrounding areas Limited the labor that nobles could force peasants to doLimited the labor that nobles could force peasants to do
Prussia Challenges Austria The Rise of Prussia (Hohenzollerns) The Rise of Prussia (Hohenzollerns) Became a rigidly controlled, highly militarized societyBecame a rigidly controlled, highly militarized society Controlled by the King and the Junker class (landowning nobles) Controlled by the King and the Junker class (landowning nobles) Frederick the Great Frederick the Great Very practical leader – ruler as fatherVery practical leader – ruler as father Atheist- established religious tolerationAtheist- established religious toleration Very aggressive in foreign affairsVery aggressive in foreign affairs
Frederick the Great
Prussia Challenges Austria (cont) War of Austrian Succession War of Austrian Succession War between Prussia and Austria (1740)War between Prussia and Austria (1740) Fought for control of Silesia (iron, textiles)Fought for control of Silesia (iron, textiles) France helped Prussia(Frederick the Great)France helped Prussia(Frederick the Great) England and Austria(Maria Theresa)England and Austria(Maria Theresa) Prussia wins in 1748(Treaty of Aix-la- Chapelle), gains SilesiaPrussia wins in 1748(Treaty of Aix-la- Chapelle), gains Silesia Becomes a major European power Becomes a major European power
The Seven Years’ War Austria, France, Russia vs. Prussia and Britain Austria, France, Russia vs. Prussia and Britain 1756 – Frederick attacked and Austrian ally, beginning the war “1 st World War” 1756 – Frederick attacked and Austrian ally, beginning the war “1 st World War” War did not change European territory War did not change European territory France lost all colonies in North America(remember the War of 1812) and India to BritainFrance lost all colonies in North America(remember the War of 1812) and India to Britain