Friday, Sept 11 Intro to Archeology

Do Now 1.Turn in your signed syllabus to the class tray 2.Complete the “Skillbuilder” from last class’s Time for Chronology packet and Ch.1 Sec 1 handout

Do Now Pick out 1 artifact (human-made objects) that you have on you or in your backpack, Place these items on your desk What conclusions will the class be able to draw about you based on these artifacts? What conclusions will the class be able to draw about you based on these artifacts? What information would be impossible to know from the items in the backpack? What information would be impossible to know from the items in the backpack? Are all guesses accurate? Why not? Are all guesses accurate? Why not?

Archeology Terms Archeology: Science of uncovering clues about early human life Archeology: Science of uncovering clues about early human life Make observations: something one has seen, heard, or noticed. Make observations: something one has seen, heard, or noticed. Make inferences: educated guesses based on observations Make inferences: educated guesses based on observations

Review of Yesterday Syllabus & Procedures Syllabus & Procedures I Have Who Has I Have Who Has Chronology Chronology Finish skill builder & create class timeline Finish skill builder & create class timeline

Break Twitter check Twitter check

After Break Binder Set Up Binder Set Up Archeology Notes Archeology Notes

Daily Objectives Students will understand what an archeologists does and how they use fossils and artifacts to tell us about prehistoric times Students will understand what an archeologists does and how they use fossils and artifacts to tell us about prehistoric times Students will know the names, time periods, and characteristics of several hominids Students will know the names, time periods, and characteristics of several hominids Students will be able to make observations and inferences about artifacts Students will be able to make observations and inferences about artifacts

Vocabulary of Archeology Archeologists Archeologists Observation Observation Inference Inference Artifacts Artifacts Fossils Fossils Site Site

Fossils/Artifacts 1.Fossils are remains of living things (plants, animals, people), not of things that were made. 2.Artifacts are remains of things that were made, not the remains of living things.

What is a site? A "site" is a place archaeologists wish to explore. At the site, archaeologists literally dig, looking for the remains of ancient civilizations. That is why they call the site at which they are working a “dig”.

Grids & Labeling Before they begin digging, archaeologists design a grid on the ground using rope and string. Each square in the grid must be carefully searched. A record must be kept of anything found, including what was found next to it.

Tools of the Trade The tools they use are sometimes very simple. Tools include trowels, brushes, spoons, dental picks, sieves, saws, dustpans, and wheelbarrows. They search each grid very carefully. Digging at a site is slow and careful work.

Back in the Lab Once objects are labeled and removed from a site, they are taken to a lab, relabeled, and placed into a database. Archaeologists use this information to put together pieces of the past. It takes a great deal of education, training, patience, and attention to detail to work as an archaeologist.

Dating Artifacts & Fossils Process called Carbon Dating Process called Carbon Dating

How Carbon Dating Works

Hominids Hominids: humans and other creatures that walk upright Hominids: humans and other creatures that walk upright

Hominids

Australopithecus afarensis: million years ago million years ago early hominid, fossils only found in Africa early hominid, fossils only found in Africa Brain 1/3 of the size of a modern human Brain 1/3 of the size of a modern human Bipedal Bipedal Simple Tools Simple Tools

Homo habilis: million years ago million years ago “handy man” for its toolmaking ability “handy man” for its toolmaking ability Slightly larger brain than austrolopithicus Slightly larger brain than austrolopithicus Stone tools Stone tools

Homo erectus “Upright Man” “Upright Man” 1.6 million - 30,000 B.C.E., 1.6 million - 30,000 B.C.E., brain size a bit larger than homo habilis brain size a bit larger than homo habilis first to use fire, used tools to hunt, spoken language, first to migrate first to use fire, used tools to hunt, spoken language, first to migrate

Homo sapien neanderthalensis 230,000-30,000 years ago 230,000-30,000 years ago Some scientists think it is unrelated to humans Some scientists think it is unrelated to humans Different brain shape, similar size to modern humans Different brain shape, similar size to modern humans Pointed, sharp tools Pointed, sharp tools

Homo Sapien Sapien: scientific name meaning “Wise Man” scientific name meaning “Wise Man” lived from about 200,000 B.C.E. to today, lived from about 200,000 B.C.E. to today, brain size of modern humans brain size of modern humans specialized tools specialized tools

You Be the Archeologist 8 Stations 8 Stations

Let’s Check

Common Ancestor story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us-the-earliest- humans?m=518971d79ac04 story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us-the-earliest- humans?m=518971d79ac04 story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us-the-earliest- humans?m=518971d79ac04 story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us-the-earliest- humans?m=518971d79ac04 story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us-the-earliest- humans?m=518971d79ac04 story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us-the-earliest- humans?m=518971d79ac04 story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us-the-earliest- humans?m=518971d79ac04 story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us-the-earliest- humans?m=518971d79ac04

Paleolithic Means Old Stone Age Means Old Stone Age What do you think of you think of cave men? Why? What do you think of you think of cave men? Why?

Tracing Mankind’s Origins

Visual Discovery

Characteristic of Hunter-Gatherer Society Nomadic (moved in search of water, food, and shelter) Nomadic (moved in search of water, food, and shelter) Invented the first tools and simple weapons Invented the first tools and simple weapons Discovered Fire Discovered Fire Lived in clans (groups of people who live together) Lived in clans (groups of people who live together) Oral language Oral language Created “cave art” Created “cave art”

Cave Art

Paleolithic Life Nomadic: Nomadic:

Paleolithic Life Fire Fire shows/mankind-the- story-of-all-of- us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-fire shows/mankind-the- story-of-all-of- us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-fire shows/mankind-the- story-of-all-of- us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-fire shows/mankind-the- story-of-all-of- us/videos/mankind-the- story-of-all-of-us-fire

Hunter-Gatherer People or societies in which most or all food is obtained from wild plants and animals, not farming or raising animals People or societies in which most or all food is obtained from wild plants and animals, not farming or raising animals

Paleo Diet On Diet: On Diet: Not on diet: dairy products dairy products grains grains legumes legumes processed oils processed oils refined sugar refined sugar Alcohol Alcohol Coffee Coffee Soft drinks Soft drinks