2. Chapter 1 Section 1 Pre-History

3. PREHISTORIC TIMES Between 4,000,000 B.C. – 3500 B.C. Between 4,000,000 B.C. – 3500 B.C. 1 st sign of hominids 3.6 million years ago 1 st sign of hominids 3.6 million years ago Hominid: a creature that walks upright rather than on all fours Hominid: a creature that walks upright rather than on all fours

4. Why is Prehistory hard to study? Prehistory lacks written records such as letters, dairies, ledgers, and tablets Prehistory lacks written records such as letters, dairies, ledgers, and tablets Writing wasn’t invented until 5,500 years ago Writing wasn’t invented until 5,500 years ago Homo Sapiens: “Thinking Man” is up to 300,000 years ago Homo Sapiens: “Thinking Man” is up to 300,000 years ago

5. Who and What is studied in Prehistoric times? ARCHEOLOGISTS, SOCIETY, CULTURE ARCHEOLOGISTS, SOCIETY, CULTURE Society: network of people who interact with each other Society: network of people who interact with each other Culture: the way of life that a group of people develop and pass on to their children Culture: the way of life that a group of people develop and pass on to their children Archeologists: a person who studies the remains of ancient societies Archeologists: a person who studies the remains of ancient societies

6. Historians rely on the following kinds of information Artifacts- a human made object like a tool, weapon or ornament that represents a stage of human development Artifacts- a human made object like a tool, weapon or ornament that represents a stage of human development Fossils- a trace or fragment of ancient plants and animals Fossils- a trace or fragment of ancient plants and animals

7. Methods of dating fossils and artifacts: Radiocarbon dating Thermo-luminescence DNA - Microscopic and biological analysis

8. Dating Methods Relative Dating Relative Dating –Location and comparison of objects Absolute Dates Absolute Dates –Carbon 14 dating –Layers of clay –Tree ring dating

9. Early Human Origins found in Ethiopia “Lucy” Southern Ape Southern Ape 3 million year old female classified as a Australopithecine 3 million year old female classified as a Australopithecine 3 to 5 feet 3 to 5 feet Brain size was about a third the size of modern humans Brain size was about a third the size of modern humans

10. Homo Habilis “Skillful” Between 2.5 million and 2 million years old Between 2.5 million and 2 million years old Founded in eastern Africa Founded in eastern Africa 50% larger brain than Australopithecines 50% larger brain than Australopithecines Made stone tools mostly out of lava rock Made stone tools mostly out of lava rock

11. Evolution of the Brain

12. Homo Erectus “Upright Man” 1.6 million years old 1.6 million years old Average male believed to be about 6 feet tall Average male believed to be about 6 feet tall Brain was ¾ the size of human brain today Brain was ¾ the size of human brain today First hominid to leave the continent or migrate “Out of Africa Theory” First hominid to leave the continent or migrate “Out of Africa Theory” First hominid to use fire First hominid to use fire

13. Homo sapiens: “wise human” lived around 100,000 to 200,000 years ago rapid brain growth mastered fire

14. Ch 1 Section 2 Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution was marked by the shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to systematic agriculture.systematic agriculture During the Neolithic Age humans began planting crops. The domestication of animals also occurred during this perioddomestication

15. Definitions Systematic Agriculture The keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis. Systematic Agriculture The keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis. Domestication Adapting animals to human use Domestication Adapting animals to human use

16. Question What were some of the results systematic agriculture and the domestication of animals? What were some of the results systematic agriculture and the domestication of animals?

17. Permanent Settlements In Çatalhüyük, people were able to enter other occupations other than farming. Skilled workers, such as artisans, made weapons and jewelry and traded them with neighboring people.artisans

18. Metal Tools Discovery of how to make metal tools brought an end to the Neolithic Age, which was followed by the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.

19. Civilization What is a civilization and is it different than a village? What is a civilization and is it different than a village?

20. Culture A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings who share a number of common elements live together.civilizationculture

21. Key Characteristics A civilization is made up of 6 key Characteristics A civilization is made up of 6 key Characteristics Cities, Religion, Government, Social structure, Writing, and Art Cities, Religion, Government, Social structure, Writing, and Art

22. The End