The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

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Presentation transcript:

The Fourteenth-Century Crisis

The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season Heavy storms famine

The Black Death Bubonic plague, rats, and fleas Origins and transmission First wave: Death toll 25-50% of population Cities vs. villages

The Black Death: Reactions Search for meaning Religious activity Flagellants Papal reaction Art Guilds wiped out Focus on death

The Black Death: Reactions Literature: Decameron Giovanni Boccaccio ( ) Setting Wealthy people flee Florence to escape plague Storytelling to pass the time “Prologue”: famous description of plague Story of Melchisedech the Jew

Dislocation and Upheaval Social consequences of plague Labor shortage and mobility Aristocratic reaction: Statute of Laborers Breakdown of manorial obligations Revolts Jacquerie (1358) – Etienne Marcel English Peasants’ Revolt (1381) – Wat Tyler and John Ball Urban revolts – ciompi of Florence (1378)

Hundred Years War ( ) Edward III v. Philip VI Changing warfare Crecy (1346) Poitiers (1356) and Peace of Bretigny (1359) Henry V and Agincourt (1415) Joan of Arc ( ) Conclusion

Political Instability England – Richard II and Parliament French kings vs. Burgundian dukes Holy Roman Empire – Golden Bull (1356) Italian city-states – move to despotism