Ch. 7: Cellular Respiration Getting Energy from food

Cellular Respiration: making usable energy in the form of ________, from organic compounds like _________. making usable energy in the form of ________, from organic compounds like _________. ATP glucose

2 Types of Cellular Respiration: 1. Aerobic Respiration: –Requires ___________ –Occurs in the ___________ –Get the maximum amount of energy from glucose- 36 ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 0 oxygen mitochondria

2. Anaerobic Respiration –Does NOT use __________ –Occurs in the ___________ –Get only a small amount of energy out of glucose 2 ATP –Generally occurs in bacteria and yeast cells. oxygen cytoplasm

Glycolysis: means “to break ________”. means “to break ________”. a. It’s the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. b. It does not use oxygen. c. Occurs in the cytoplasm. glucose

Glycolysis Summary Starts with: glucose Ends with: pyruvic acid (compound used in second part of respiration), NADH (electron carrier), ATP Net ATP production: 2 ATP

Lactic Acid Fermentation: After glycolysis, the NADH transfers an electron to the ______ ____, creating _____ ____. After glycolysis, the NADH transfers an electron to the ______ ____, creating _____ ____. Pyruvic acid Lactic acid

Examples of lactic acid fermentation: Dairy production: Dairy production: Microorganisms that use lactic acid fermentation eat the sugar in milk. The lactic acid ferments the milk to make cheese, yogurt, etc.

Muscles: Muscles: When your muscle cells run out of oxygen, they can switch to lactic acid fermentation to make some ATP. But the lactic acid builds up in muscles, causing them to cramp.

Alcoholic Fermentation: After glycolysis, the pyruvic acid loses a carbon to make ____. The electron from NADH is then transferred to the remaining 2-carbon molecule, which makes it ____________. After glycolysis, the pyruvic acid loses a carbon to make ____. The electron from NADH is then transferred to the remaining 2-carbon molecule, which makes it ____________. CO 2 ethyl alcohol

Examples of alcoholic fermentation: Wine and beer industry: Wine and beer industry: Yeast cells eat sugars and make the waste product ethyl alcohol, which is the alcohol in wine and beer.

Bread making: Bread making: Yeast make bread rise because they produce CO 2. The alcohol evaporates during baking.

Fermentation Summary Occurs in cytoplasm Occurs in cytoplasm Summary: “empty” the NADH so we can repeat glycolysis with the next glucose Summary: “empty” the NADH so we can repeat glycolysis with the next glucose –Alcoholic fermentation makes CO2 and Ethanol (yeast) or - Lactic acid fermentation makes Lactic Acid (bacteria and muscle cells) - Lactic acid fermentation makes Lactic Acid (bacteria and muscle cells)  NO MORE ATP CHARGED!

ATP Tallies: Anaerobic: - Glycolysis: used 2, made 4 - Fermentation: used 0, made 0 Total: +2 per glucose

Review questions 1. What is the high energy molecule made in respiration? 2. If oxygen is NOT used to break down glucose, what type of respiration is that? 3. What causes your muscles to cramp?

Aerobic Respiration Using O 2

Mitochondria

Aerobic Respiration Continued from glycolysis: Continued from glycolysis: Pyruvic Acid moves to the _________a Pyruvic Acid moves to the _________a Mitochondri

Krebs Cycle Takes place in mitochondria makes: carbon dioxide carbon dioxide ATP ATP FADH 2, NADH (electron carriers) FADH 2, NADH (electron carriers)

Krebs –Can bacteria do Krebs??

Electron Transport Chain Summary: Gather up ALL the electron carriers and “empty” them to “charge” lots of ATP Summary: Gather up ALL the electron carriers and “empty” them to “charge” lots of ATP Energy molecules MADE: 32 ATP

Summary Starts with: NADH, FADH 2 (electron carriers) Starts with: NADH, FADH 2 (electron carriers) Ends with: ATP, water Ends with: ATP, water

ATP Tallies: Aerobic: - Glycolysis: used 2, made 4 - Krebs: used 0, made 2 - ETC: used 0, made 32 Total: +36 ATP per glucose

Energy Summary Table Anaerobic Respiration (Glycolysis) Aerobic Respiration (Krebs cycle and ETC) # of ATP made from one sugar236

Overall reaction + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 ATP