The Participant as an Individual

All of the following are environmental factors except: Pollution Altitude Physique Humidity (1 mark)

Which one of these is not a disability category? Physical Mental Permanent Social (1 mark)

Professional athletes differ from amateurs as they receive money for playing their sport, which has a significant impact on their training. Describe how this plays a part in allowing professional athletes reach a higher level of performance than amateurs. (4 marks) Access to greater training facilities. More free time to train (do not need to work) Access to better sporting equipment Could hire fitness coach Could hire specialist trainer (skills coach)

Before any physical activity, it is important to identify potential hazards. This is called: Risk consideration Risk assessment Danger management Danger awareness (1 mark)

State and explain two reasons why people choose to take part in physical activities. (4 marks) Reasons for choosing to take part in physical activities: social benefits/ company/ to socialise/ making or meeting friends/ peer pressure/ family pressure mental benefits/ enjoyment or to have fun/ relaxation/ recharge batteries/ chill out/ cathartic/ excitement/ adrenaline rush/ thrill/ challenge/ self- fulfilment/ self-satisfaction/ feel good factor/ aesthetic/ artistic appreciation physical benefits/ maintain or improve fitness/ accept any component of fitness/ muscle tone high level of skill/ because I am good at it overcoming obstacles/ environment health reasons/ relieves stress or tension/ weight control/ lowers BP. Accept any other suitable response.

You have been asked to recommend a sporting activity for a Year 7 student. Name four factors that you should take into account before giving your recommendation. (4 marks) Award up to four marks for naming each factor. NB Do not accept age. Fitness levels/ physical maturity/ cost/ gender/ travel/ access/ facilities available/ health/ environment/ challenge/ social situation/ peer pressure/ family/ tradition/ culture/ religion/ skill level/ personality/ safety/ disability (mental/ physical)/ somatotype or weight or height or size.

Describe the purpose of carrying out a pre-season phase, including what it should involve. (3 marks) Focus on fitness Focus on developing technique Prepare for the season ahead Developing stamina, strength, flexibility etc

Explain how individual differences can affect the amount of exercise that a person may participate in. (2 marks) The ability of the performer/ higher ability performers will need to train more. The age/ gender of the individual/ will demand different energy levels. The physical condition of the individual eg illness or injury/ which would mean less exercise. Somatotypes/ valid descriptions of differences, eg endomorph less likely to do as much exercise. Level of motivation/ less motivated performers will do less exercise. Time/ less exercise due to other commitments like work or family. Higher metabolism/ so they would burn fat quicker so they don’t need to exercise as much. Cost/ less exercise as they cannot afford to take part. Environment/ there are no facilities or open space to enable them to take part.

Pre-season is the first part of an athlete’s training year. Name the two other phases that follow. (1 mark) Peak season and Post-season

State and explain three reasons why someone would want to participate in a physical activity. (6 marks) Award one mark for stating why someone would want to participate in a physical activity and one additional mark for explaining why. Reasons for choosing different types of activities: enjoyment or fun/ satisfaction/ feel good factor social or company/ play with friends in a team/ meet people with similar interests maintain or improve fitness/ to improve performance relaxation/ relief from stress excitement/ challenge/ adrenalin rush competition/ provides an opportunity for success/ a challenge/ play or perform at a high level financial/ occupation/ professional stress management/ relief from tension anger management/ improves emotional health and well-being ability/ if they are good at the activity aesthetic/ satisfaction and feeling of achievement/ opportunity to perform health reasons/ to lose weight/ to improve body image. NB The mark for explaining the reason for participating in a physical activity does not need to come from the same bullet point as the mark for stating why.

Which one of the following activities would be most suitable for an ectomorph? Olympic weightlifting Shot put High jump Canoeing (1 mark)

Which one of the following does not usually decrease with age? Skill Flexibility Strength Oxygen capacity (1 mark)

Sports are played competitively as well as for recreational purposes. Define the term “recreational”. (1 mark) Any form of play, amusement or relaxation performed as games, sports or hobbies.

Challenge is a big attraction for sports participants. Name an outdoor and adventurous activity that poses a significant challenge and describe the nature of the challenge that must be overcome. Any appropriate sporting activity Suitable description of the challenge

With challenges, there is often a risk of hazards or dangers. Describe two ways in which the risk of danger can be controlled in sport, either by the participant, organiser, or official. (2 marks) Risk assessment of facilities, environment etc Ensure participants are of suitable age, ability etc Organisers ensure qualified and knowledgeable people are in charge of group Ensure suitable numbers of participants Any other suitable answers

Which one of the following activities would be most suitable for an introvert? Hockey Cross country running Cheerleading Volleyball (1 mark)

Describe why some competitive sports may require more commitment from participants than if you were to take part in recreational sport.(2 marks) Higher standard of competition More time needed for training Requirement for more funds for equipment / transport etc Fulfil competitive obligations (sponsorship obligations)