PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART B 3 Cells and Tissues

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell Life Cycle  Cells have two major periods  Interphase  Cell grows  Cell carries on metabolic processes  Cell division  Cell replicates itself  Function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings DNA Replication  Genetic material is duplicated and readies a cell for division into two cells  Occurs toward the end of interphase  DNA uncoils and each side serves as a template

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings DNA Replication Figure 3.14

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Events of Cell Division  Mitosis—division of the nucleus  Results in the formation of two daughter nuclei  Cytokinesis—division of the cytoplasm  Begins when mitosis is near completion  Results in the formation of two daughter cells

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis  Prophase  First part of cell division  Centrioles migrate to the poles to direct assembly of mitotic spindle fibers  DNA appears as double-stranded chromosomes  Nuclear envelope breaks down and disappears

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis  Metaphase  Chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell on the metaphase plate

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis  Anaphase  Chromosomes are pulled apart and toward the opposite ends of the cell  Cell begins to elongate

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis  Telophase  Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin  Nuclear envelope reforms around chromatin  Spindles break down and disappear

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis  Cytokinesis  Begins during late anaphase and completes during telophase  A cleavage furrow forms to pinch the cells into two parts

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15 Centrioles Plasma membrane Interphase Early prophase Late prophase Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Spindle pole Chromatin Centrioles Forming mitotic spindle Centromere Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Fragments of nuclear envelope Centromere Spindle microtubules MetaphaseAnaphase Telophase and cytokinesis Daughter chromosomes Sister chromatids Nuclear envelope forming Nucleolus forming Spindle Metaphase plate Cleavage furrow

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 1 Centrioles Plasma membrane Interphase Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 2 Centrioles Plasma membrane InterphaseEarly prophase Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Centrioles Forming mitotic spindle Centromere Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 3 Centrioles Plasma membrane InterphaseEarly prophaseLate prophase Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Spindle pole Chromatin Centrioles Forming mitotic spindle Centromere Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Fragments of nuclear envelope Centromere Spindle microtubules

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 4 Metaphase Sister chromatids Spindle Metaphase plate

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 5 MetaphaseAnaphase Daughter chromosomes Sister chromatids Spindle Metaphase plate

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 6 MetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase and cytokinesis Daughter chromosomes Sister chromatids Nuclear envelope forming Nucleolus forming Spindle Metaphase plate Cleavage furrow

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 7 Centrioles Plasma membrane Interphase Early prophase Late prophase Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Spindle pole Chromatin Centrioles Forming mitotic spindle Centromere Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Fragments of nuclear envelope Centromere Spindle microtubules Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and cytokinesis Daughter chromosomes Sister chromatids Nuclear envelope forming Nucleolus forming Spindle Metaphase plate Cleavage furrow