1. Stages of the Cell Cycle
Divided into 2 main stages
Interphase- G1, S, G2
Mitotic Phase- M

2. Stages of the Cell Cycle
G1 phase- growth
S phase- “synthesis”, chromosomes copied
G2 phase- cell completes preparations for cell division
Mitosis- division of cells to 2 daughter cells

3. The Stages of Mitosis Prophase
Chromosomes condense and nuclear membrane disappears
Each chromosome appears as a sister chromatid- X SHAPE FORMATION
Mitotic spindle, consisting of microtubules and other proteins, forms between the two pairs of centrioles as they migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
THIS IS USED TO PULL THE CHROMOSOMES APART

4. The Stages of Mitosis Prometaphase
Breakdown of nuclear envelope into small fragments
Microtubules interact with the chromosomes
Bundles of microtubules extend from each pole toward the middle
Each of the 2 chromatids has a specialized structure called a kinetochore. Some microtubules attach to the kinetochore to begin movement
Kinetochore

5. The Stages of Mitosis Metaphase
Centrosomes are now at opposite poles of the cell
Chromosomes convene on the metaphase plate-immaginary line between poles
Centromeres aligned and the kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached to microtubules coming from opposite poles of the cell
The microtubules are called spindles b/c of their shape

6. The Stages of Mitosis Anaphase
Paired centromeres of each chromosome separate, freeing sister chromatids
Each chromatid is considered a full fledged chromosome
The once joined sisters begin to move towards opposite poles of the cell
By the end of anaphase, the 2 poles of the cells have equivalent and a complete collections of chromosomes

7. The Stages of Mitosis Telophase
Nonkinetochore microtubules elongate the cell, and daughter nuclei form at the poles of the cell
Nuclear envelopes arise from the fragments of the parent cell’s nuclear envelope
Chromatin fiber becomes less tightly coiled
CYTOKINESIS- division of cytoplasm takes place shortly after end of mitosis

8. Cytokinesis
Cleavage furrow forms which pinches the cell into 2 parts, near the old metaphase plate.
On the cytoplasmic side of the furrow is a contractile ring of microfilaments which contracts to pull apart the cells like a drawstring
Finally 2 separate cells are created