I. Protists – A. General Characteristics  Eukaryotic Cells (cells contain organelles)  Protists can be either unicellular or multicellular  They are often very small – Only visible with a microscope  Reproduce sexually or asexually  Some are: i.Only Heterotrophs ii.Only Autotrophs iii.Both Heterotroph and Autotroph

D. 3 Types of Protist i.Animal- like Protist ii.Fungus- like Protist iii.Plant- like Protist

II. Animal- like Protist They are heterotrophic  Eat bacteria and other micro-organisms May have 2 Nuclei  Macronucleus – contains DNA for movement and feeding  Micronucleus- contains DNA for sexual reproduction Move in 3 different ways i.Pseudopod Movement  Pseudopod – false foot  Moves like The Blob in the movies  Ex. Amoeba ii.Cilia Movement  Uses eyelash like projections to move iii.Flagella Movement  Use a whip like tail to get around

III. Fungus- like Protist i. They are heterotrophic  Eat bacteria and other micro- organisms ii. 2 Types  Water Molds  Live in water or moist places  Ex. Some water molds can kill humans if they infect the body.  Slime Molds  Live in moist soil and on decaying plants and trees.  They can form a multicellular mass, which makes spores  Each spore develops into a new slime mold.

III. Plant- like Protist They are autotrophs  Create their own source of energy from sunlight May be unicellular or multicellular.  Ex. Algae – unicellular  Ex. Seaweed - multicellular Types of Algae  Diatoms  unicellular  Have glass like cell walls.  Green Algae  Use green pigment. Mostly multicellular.  Red Algae  Multicellular seaweed living in deep oceans  Brown Algae  Common seaweed. Ex. Kelp

Fungi I. Characteristics Cells are eukaryotic Use spores to reproduce Heterotrophs – yes fungi eat stuff Most are multicellular – Only yeast are unicellular There are more that 100,000 species of fungus II. Fungi Cell Structure Cell walls contain chitin – Chitin also makes up exoskeleton of insects Fungi cells make up Hyphae/Mycelium – Hyphae are threadlike tubes that make up the body of most fungi. – Most of a fungus is actually hidden under ground in a tangled mass called Mycelium

III. How do fungi eat? They are heterotrophic decomposers  Decomposers break down chemicals in dead organisms.  This returns nutrients to soil and gets rid of dead plants and animals. They absorb food through the hyphae  Mycellium grow all over the source of food  Digestive chemicals exit out of the Mycellium into the food.

V. Fungi are the world’s frie…nemies? Food for people – we eat many kinds of fungi. – Ex. Yeast causes bread to rise. – Ex. mushrooms from store. Some Fungi help Plants – Fungi (known as Mycorrhizae) grow around the roots of plants helping the plant to absorb extra moisture and nutrients in soil.

Disease Causing Fungi – attack plants, animals, and humans – Ex. Athlete’s foot fungus makes feet itch – Ex. Ringworm is NOT a worm, but a fungus that makes a red ring on the skin. Disease Fighting Fungi – Penicillium – Penicillium is a fungus that produces a chemical which kills bacteria. – We use this chemical as an antibiotic to fight bacterial infections.