1. Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi
7th

2. They have DNA, but it floats around the cell as a nucleoid
Bacteria are very small unicellular organisms that do not contain organelles
This makes them prokaryotes
They have DNA, but it floats around the cell as a nucleoid

3. How do they get food? Producers- anything that can make food
Some use the sun and photosynthesis
Others use different chemicals like sulfur to make food
Consumers- any organism that breaks down or relies on another living thing
Some bacteria are decomposers
Others help break down food in your large intestine
Other make you sick like strep throat

4. Do bacteria breath?
Some need oxygen to survive- they are call aerobic
Other can survive without oxygen- they are called anaerobic
Both are forms of respiration which is the break down of sugar into energy for the cell

5. Bacteria come in 3 main shapes-
all of which are very small compared to eukaryotes like plant and animal cells
Cocci- sphere
Spirilla- spiral
Bacilli- rod

6. 2 types of bacteria Archaebacteria- live in harsh environments
Also called-extremophiles
Deep sea vents and sulfur ponds

7. Eubacteria- live everywhere else
they are larger in size compared to archaebacteria

8. Some bacteria are needed to survive
They live in your intestine and help break down nutrients
They can make antibiotics
Other are bad
They are called a pathogen- any organism that causes a disease
Tooth decay, strep throat, acne
are examples of hurtful bacteria

9. Vaccines and pasteurization
2 helpful technologies that help get rid of bad bacteria
Vaccines produce antibodies that help fight off bad bacteria
Like for tetanus and whooping cough
Pasteurization is used to kill bacteria with heat, but not harm the flavor of food
It extends the lifetime a food is good for, without it, milk would only last a few days
Like milk and yogurt

10. Bacteria are found in all sorts of places
Helping decompose trash
Help get rid of sewage
Help make cheese and other foods
Help break down oil

11. They make life sustaining molecules
Nitrogen fixing bacteria are the only living organisms that can take nitrogen gas from the air, and turn it into useful molecules to make proteins and DNA.
Without bacteria, we would not be alive
We find these bacteria on many legume roots
Beans, peas, soy

12. Protist Eukaryote organisms that are single or multicellular
They live in wet and moist environments
They would dry out if they were on land because they don’t have anyway of keeping water

13. Come in 3 types
Fungal like
Animal like
Plant like

14. Fungal like protists
Include organisms called:
Slime molds
Downy mildews
Water molds
They are all consumers and some are parasitic and will kill an organism
Live most of life as a single cell, then join together for reproduction

15. Slime mold

16. Downy Mildew

17. Water mold- caused potato famine in Ireland

18. Animal like protist
Protozoan- a one celled organism that lives in water and is a consumer or parasite
Some contain flagella other have cilia- this is how they are organized into groups

20. Paramecium

21. Amoeba- move by pseudopods- false foot

22. Malaria is caused by a protozoan called Plasmodium volvox
It is spread by mosquitos
Use nets to protect self
Kills more than 1,000,000 people a year

24. Giardia- is a flagellated protozoan that causes gastro intestinal problems
Get it from drinking bad water

25. Plant like protist- these are Algae's
Can be either single celled or multicellular
Single celled include:
Diatoms, Spirogyra, Volvox, and Euglena

27. Multicellular algae include
Green, red, and brown algae
These are the organisms that we see on the beech
They can make huge underwater forests of algae
They produce a majority of the oxygen in the world
Think about how large the ocean is and all the algae that lives in it

28. Green algae

29. Red algae-

30. Brown algae- Kelp

32. Fungi

33. Most fungi are multicellular eukaryotes
Some like yeast are single celled eukaryotes
All fungi are consumers with a cellwall
Some are saprophytes meaning they decompose and break down organisms for energy
Others are parasitic like athletes foot or ringworm which is caused by a fungal infection

34. Reproduction of fungi They use spores to spread from place to place
Each spore contain the material needed to start a new fungus
They can reproduce by either sexual or asexual reproduction
asexual means that more spores are made and released
Sexual means that 2 different fungi join together

35. Structure We actually see very little of a fungus
The majority of the body of the fungus is buried this is called the hyphae
When 2 hyphae join together sexual reproduction occurs and genetic material is combined
The hyphae also does the majority of the decomposing
They release enzymes which break down the material and then the fungi absorbs the nutrients

36. Types of Fungi
Use the reproductive structures to determine type along with other features
3 major types of fungi

37. Club fungi
Get funky!!
They also include mushrooms, puffballs, and toadstools
In these organisms, spores are produced on gills on the underside of the mushroom cap.

38. Sac Fungi Molds, morels, and truffles
Spores are produced in small sacs in the reproductive structure

39. Yeast- single celled fungi
Used to make bread
As it breaks down sugars it releases CO2 causing bubbles in the bread
Naturally occur in the body, but too much can cause sores

40. Zygospore fungi Cause bread to go bad
The hyphae fuse together and form a reproductive structure called a sporangia
This then makes spores that are released.

41. Pros about fungi
Decompose dead organisms returning good nutrients to soil
Help plants get nutrients- form a mycorrhizae
This is a symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi, where the fungi gets food and the plant gets nutrients
Penicillin and other medicines can be made from fungi
Break down cell wall of bacteria
Help us make food like bread and cheese

42. Cons for fungi Cause health issues if bad ones are ingested
Live on skin
Cause huge amounts of crops to be destroyed
Spoil food

43. Lichens Cool little relationship between bacteria and fungi
Fungi break down nutrients
Cyanobacteria uses photosynthesis to make food
Both benefit
They are the first to live on newly formed rock that will help make soil for new bigger organisms.