Functional Planning For Peace Operations Missions MPAT TE-4

LOGISTICS / TRANSPORTATION FUNCTIONAL GROUP Name of briefers: MAJ JOSE JUAN VELAZQUEZ (US ARMY) Ltc Cdr Williams (US NAVY) OPERATION BLUE SINGA

Group member Introductions Scenario –Purpose –Situation Overview –Guidance –Msn Statement Logistics Principles / Considerations Multinational Logistics UN Logistics Mission Analysis Questions ? Summary OVERVIEW

Name Country Current Military Position Military Background / Past Planning Experience MEMBER INTRODUCTIONS GROUP MEMBER INTRODUCTIONS

Outline broad objectives and planning considerations for logistics operations in support of OPERATION BLUE SINGA PURPOSE

Ongoing Peacekeeping situation escalates to a level that exceeds UNMOG mission and capabilities and causes the collapse of the military observer mission Chief of Military Observers (CMO) recommends deployment of a UN sanctioned Multinational Force (MNF) to contain the situation. Samagaland and S. Tindoro leaders open dialogue to consider CMO’s recommendation and other actions to resolve crisis and agree on Singapore to lead the MNF. UNSC Resolution 147 sanctions deployment of MNF led by Singapore SITUATION OVERVIEW

Separation of Factions Facilitate HA operations Repatriate Displaced Personnel (DP) Restore stable conditions Transition to Host Nation civil/military authorities Emergency repairs to critical infrastructure Support NGOs in HA operations Others JOINT STAFF WARNING ORDER GUIDANCE

Coalition Task Force GOODWILL will commence deployment of a multinational force no earlier than 28 August 02, to conduct peacekeeping operations in North and South Tindoro, in accordance with UNSCR 147, in order to create conditions necessary for a secure and stable environment in North and South Tindoro. SINGAPORE JOINT STAFF WARNING ORDER MISSION STATEMENT

INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS MOBILIZATION DEPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT SUSTAINMENT ECONOMY LOGISTICS FORCES BRIDGE

LOGISTICAL PRINCIPLES RESPONSIVENESS SIMPLICITY FLEXIBILITY ECONOMY ATTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY SURVIVABILITY

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF LOGISTICS SUPPLY MAINTENANCE TRANSPORTATION GENERAL ENGINEERING HEALTH SERVICES OTHER SERVICES

SIGNIFICANT SUPPLY PROBLEMS BULK FUEL BULK WATER AMMUNITION

KEY ELEMENTS  LINES OF COMMUNICATIONS  THEATER TRANSPORTATION NETWORK  UNITS - FORCES TO OPERATE SEAPORTS, BASES, AND AIRPORTS  HOST NATION SUPPORT

PHASING  PEACE OPERATIONS TRANSITION THROUGH VARIOUS PHASES  LOGISTICS IS THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL PHASING AND CAMPAIGN PLANNING

CRITICAL ISSUES  AVOID FOCUS ON THE DEPLOYMENT  SUSTAINING THE PEACE OPERATION AS IT TRANSITIONS THROUGH ITS PHASES IS MOST IMPORTANT SUSTAINMENT LEVEL

SPECIAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS DEMANDS OF AN EXPANDING FORCE CRITICAL ITEMS BOTTLENECKS MOVEMENT CONTROL PUSH VERSUS PULL RESUPPLY CIVILIAN SUPPLY SOURCES

THEATER LOGISTICS GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE TRANSPORTATION AND TOPOGRAPHY LOGISTICS CAPABILITY LOGISTICS ENHANCEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION ECHELONS OF SUPPORT ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES HOST NATION SUPPORT AVAILABILITY

JOA LOGISTICS CONCEPT INTRATHEATER LINES OF COMMUNICATION INTERTHEATER LINES OF COMMUNICATION TACTICAL OPERATIONAL STRATEGIC TAA SLOC ALOC

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS

OVERVIEW FUNDAMENTALS COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND ORGANIZATION PLANNING SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS DEFINITION “ANY COORDINATED LOGISTIC ACTIVITY INVOLVING TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES SUPPORTING A MULTINATIONAL FORCE CONDUCTING MILITARY OPERATIONS UNDER THE AUSPICES OF AN ALLIANCE OR COALITION, INCLUDING THOSE CONDUCTED UNDER A UN MANDATE.”

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS SINGLE NATION LEAD IS THE MOST EFFICIENT SHARED LOGISTICS INCREASES COMPLEXITY AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL, THIS MAY BE IMPERATIVE FOR LARGE MANEUVERS

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IMPACT OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY U.S. AS PROVIDER/RECIPIENT LIMITS STRUCTURE OF MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATION COMMANDING OPERATION TYPE OF OPERATION (MOOTW)

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS BENEFICTS LESSENS DEMANDS ON EACH NATION CENTRALIZED COORDINATION REDUCTION IN LOGISTIC FOOTPRINT ALLOWS MORE NATIONS TO PARTICIPATE

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS CONCERNS NATIONS RELUCTANT TO COMMIT LOGISTIC FORCES EARLY AD HOC ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT LOGISTICS “DIRECTIVE AUTHORITY” NOT GIVEN ACHIEVING CONSENSUS DIFFICULT NATIONAL LEGAL RESTRICTIONS DIFFERING ROTATION POLICIES OVERCOME “GO-IT-ALONE” MENTALITY

OVERVIEW FUNDAMENTALS COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND ORGANIZATION PLANNING SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS LOGISTICS CONSIDERATIONS FOR C2 FLEXIBLE C 2 ORGANIZED BASED ON OPERATIONAL MISSION MNFC SPAN OF CONTROL ESTABLISHED DURING PLANNING LINKAGE BETWEEN APPROPRIATE OPERATIONAL HQs NEEDS TO BE PLANNED DESIGNATE A THEATER LOGISTICS COMMANDER (TLC)?

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS (C2 ISSUES) MNFC COMMANDS AIR, LAND, SEA FORCES AND ASSOCIATED SUPPORT ELEMENTS NATIONAL SERVICE COMPONENT COMMANDS COMMAND FORCES AND ASSOCIATED SUPPORT ELEMENTS MJLC/TLC COORDINATES SUPPORT ELEMENTS AND MN LOG CENTER (IF ESTABLISHED)

OVERVIEW FUNDAMENTALS COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND ORGANIZATION PLANNING SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS LEGAL AUTHORITIES & FUNDING UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

PEACE OPERATIONS PLANNING (LOGISTICS) LOGISTIC ELEMENTS US FORCES Multinational FORCES Familiarity With and Adherence to: Status-of-Forces Agreement Legal Restraints Regulatory Restraints Political Restraints HOST NATION

MNFC PERSPECTIVE: –SUFFICIENT LOGISTIC AUTHORITY & RESOURCES TO SUPPORT OPERATIONAL PRIORITIES –NATIONS LEVERAGE THEIR LOGISTIC CAPABILITIES TO ENSURE THAT ALL NATIONAL & MN FORMATIONS ARE SUPPORTED (with MINIMAL FOOTPRINT) MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS (PLANNING GUIDANCE)

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING GUIDANCE LOG PLANNING CRITICAL ISSUES: –COMMAND & CONTROL RELATIONSHIPS –AUTHORITIES & RESPONSIBILITIES (MNFC & NATIONS) –INTEROPERABILITY OF LOG COMMO SYSTEMS –LOG REQUIREMENTS FOR NATIONAL CONTINGENTS –REQUIREMENT FOR MN SUPPORT, OP LEVEL LOG FORCES –SUPPORT CONCEPTS & ARRANGEMENTS (RSN, LN) –STANDARDS AND PRIORITIES FOR LOGISTICS –LOGISTICS INTELLIGENCE DATABASE

MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING GUIDANCE LOG PLANNING CRITICAL ISSUES CONT’: –FNS REQUIREMENTS, AUTHORITIES, RESPONSIBILITIES –RELATIONSHIPS WITH IOs, NGOs, PVOs –EXTENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS –LANDING RIGHTS, CUSTOMS, TAXES, (SOFAs, TECHNICAL ARRANGEMENTSs) –ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS –COMMON FUNDING & AVAILABILITY

–PHASE I: DEPLOYMENT –PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT OPERATIONS –PHASE III: REDEPLOYMENT/TERMINATION MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS (PLANNING BY OPERATIONAL PHASE)

KEY TASKS –IDENTIFYING TPFDD INFORMATION (PODs,RDDs) –HARMONIZE NATIONAL PLANS INTO MN PLAN –DEFINE C2 ORG TO CONTROL DEPLOYMENT –IDENTIFY LOGISTICIANS IN ENABLING FORCE –ARRANGE FNS/HNS FOR RECEPTION, ONWARD MOVEMENT –DEVELOP AGREEMENTS FOR TRANSIT AND OVERFLIGHT –ARRANGE SUPPORT FOR DEPLOYING FORCES (MED, VEHICLE, ENGINEER, TROOP SPT) MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING (PHASE I: DEPLOYMENT)

KEY TASKS: –IDENTIFY CRITICAL SUSTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS –DEVELOP CONCEPTS OF SUPPORT/SUSTAINMENT –PRIORITIZE FNS AND ARRANGE IT –IDENTIFY LN,RSN LOG FUNCTIONS, SOLICIT –ESTABLISH POLICY FOR LOCAL CONTRACTING –IDENTIFY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMON FUNDING MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING (PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)

KEY TASKS cont: –ESTABLISH REQ FOR LOG REPORTING, FORMATS –IDENTIFY REQ FOR STAFFING MN LOG HQ & CENTERS –DEVELOP ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY & PROCEDURES –IDENTIFY LOG SPT REQUIREMENTS – MUNITIONS STORAGE SITES MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING (PHASE II: SUSTAINMENT)

TRANSITION OPERATIONS –US JOINT TO MULTINATIONAL OPERATION –UN OPERATION TO A MULTINATIONAL OPERATION –WITHDRAWL OF US FORCES FROM A MULTINATIONAL OPERATION MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS PLANNING (PHASE III:REDEPLOYMENT/TERMINATION)

Multinational Planning Considerations Force capabilities Force capabilities Command, control, and communications - will there be C 4 problems with C 2 structure? Command, control, and communications - will there be C 4 problems with C 2 structure? Logistics - who provides unique support, and to what extent? Logistics - who provides unique support, and to what extent? Level of training the multinational force possesses Level of training the multinational force possesses Will COMSEC impede or enhance operations? Will COMSEC impede or enhance operations?

Multinational Planning Considerations Status of existing agreements? Status of existing agreements? Liaison Officers (LNOs) Liaison Officers (LNOs) Linguist requirements Linguist requirements What are the data exchange requirements? What are the data exchange requirements? Devices for automating data exchanges Devices for automating data exchanges Procedures for manual data exchanges Procedures for manual data exchanges Releasability Releasability

LANGUAGE BARRIERS AND ACRONYMS LOGISTICS PROCESSES, PROCEDURES AND SYSTEMS SENSE OF TIMING NATIONAL REGULATIONS MULTINATIONAL PROBLEMS

INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES FUEL PARTS AND TOOLS TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS FOOD AMMUNITION

 COORDINATION MEETINGS -- LOTS OF THEM!  LIAISON OR EXCHANGE OFFICERS  MUTUAL EDUCATION AND TOURS  WELL WRITTEN PROCEDURES MULTINATIONAL SOLUTIONS

OVERVIEW FUNDAMENTALS COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AND ORGANIZATION PLANNING UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

UNITED NATIONS LOGISTICS Peace Keeping Operations

UN LOGISTICS FUNDING IS A FUNCTION OF THE MANDATE EVENT DRIVEN, NOT TIME DRIVEN (LIKE MILITARY OPERATIONS) US AND UN DOCTRINE AND POLICIES ARE MUCH DIFFERENT

DEPARTMENT OF PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS (DPKO)

UN SUPPORT PLANS THREE BASIC METHODS ONE NATION CONTROLS ALL LOGISTICS LOGISTICS A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY DECENTRALIZE BY REGION

KEY UN LOGISTICS BILLETS SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE TO THE SECRETARY GENERAL (SRSG) HUMAN RIGHTS DIVISION CIVILIAN POLICE COMMISSIONER UN FORCE COMMANDER CHIEF LOGISTICS OFFICER (CLO) ELECTORAL DIVISION HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS COORDINATOR NATIONAL CONTINGENTS UN FORCE HEADQUARTERS INFORMATION DIVISION CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER (CAO)

UN LOGISTICS CONCEPT CONTROLLED BY THE CHIEF LOGISTICS OFFICER DEVELOPS A FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT GROUP NATIONAL SUPPORT CELLS PROVIDE ORGANIC SUPPORT TO NATIONAL CONTINGENT NATIONAL SUPPORT CELLS PROVIDE AN ELEMENTS TO THE FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT GROUP FOR COORDINATION

LETTER OF ASSIST When essential items/services are not available through commercial sources, a requisition, known as a Letter of Assist (LOA), may be raised to obtain the item from a government supplying troops to the mission –Can be UNOE or COE –Reimbursement processed thru UNHQ –Approval of LOA – FALD, UNHQ

CHALLENGES TO UN LOGISTICS Diverse assortment of people Diverse equipment (Capability, RAM) Unusual or no host infrastructure UNSC mandate, often later Elapsed time months for CAO Contractor/vendor availability Completion/withdrawal difficult

LOGISTICS / TRANSPORTATION FUNCTIONAL GROUP MISSION ANALYSIS PROCESS

J4/Logistics Readiness Center (LRC) provides: (1) Logistic readiness of available forces (2) Logistic impact of available infrastructure in operational area (3) Status of hard to obtain materials and services MISSION ANALYSIS DETERMINE KNOWN FACTS

MISSION ANALYSIS DETERMINE ASSUMPTIONS J4/JLRC consider: (1) Logistic status of forces at probable time of execution (2) Logistic impact of characteristics of operational area (3) Health services support requirements/capability (in conjunction with the Surgeon) (4) Available transportation for inter and intra-theater deployments (5) Availability of supplies and services to support projected operations

MISSION ANALYSIS ANALYZE MISSION AND INTENT Understand the Combatant commander's mission (understand the WHY of the mission) Understand the Combatant commander's intent Knows the operations area (JOA, etc.) Understand the Combatant commander's military deception plan, if there is one -- objective, targets story, plan and activities

MISSION ANALYSIS DETERMINE LIMITATIONS Restrictions placed on the JTF: Constraints -- required actions that limit freedom of action (e.g., conduct air strikes within a specific period of time) Restraints -- actions the JTF is prohibited from taking (e.g., cannot pursue enemy across an international border) Imposed by higher headquarters Implied by conditions

MISSION ANALYSIS TASKS TO BE PERFORMED List specified tasks (usually in paragraph 2 & 3 combatant commander's order) Develop implied tasks -- not specifically assigned, but must be accomplished to perform the mission Determine essential tasks -- those required to achieve the conditions that define success

MISSION ANALYSIS FORCE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS Conduct Initial task organization analysis Determine what broad force structure is necessary to accomplish the essential Of those required - what does the JTF currently have for planning What is the difference between paragraphs a. & b. above?

MISSION ANALYSIS INITIAL RISK ASSESSMENT May be risks associated with: (1) Mission (risks the CJTF is willing to take for mission accomplishment, e.g. forward presence vs. risk of provocation) (2) Force protection issues (3) Time available as provided by MNFC imposed limitations CJTF staff sections determine risks from their own situational analysis and provide them to the JPG through their representatives JPG determines overall risks, considers potential methods for risk mitigation, and disseminates

MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF CSS TASKS Specified Tasks Implied Tasks Essential Task

MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF CSS ASSUMPTIONS

MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF PERSONNEL STATUS

CONCEPT OF SUPPORT BEFOREDURINGAFTER FIX ARM FUEL MOVE MAN SUSTAIN ) (

CSS REQUIREMENTS General Supply Bulk POL CL V ______ gallons per day OH _____ gallons Total S&P Equivalent Daily Requirement General Supply CL IIIB CL V (Day 1) (Day 2-4)

SHORTFALLS/ANALYSIS MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF

CSS CONSTRAINTS MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF

Logistic guidance Logistic concept, priorities May refer to OPLAN guidance May refer to existing or developing logistic estimate Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data (TPFDD) development Transportation guidance Status and implications of CJTF directive authority Known logistic constraints/restraints Transportation instructions Allocation of strategic lift Mobilization information Airlift information/instructions Sealift information/instructions Air refueling information/instructions Joint Transportation Board (JTB)/Joint Movement Center (JMC) instructions, if applicable ISSUE WARNING ORDER

COA ANALYSIS LOG ESTIMATE Address each COA from its own perspective It is essentially where the staff does its homework in preparation for an integrated staff effort of: (1) COA analysis (2) COA comparison (3) COA recommendation and selection

COA ANALYSIS LOG ESTIMATE Address each COA from its own perspective It is essentially where the staff does its homework in preparation for an integrated staff effort of: (1) COA analysis (2) COA comparison (3) COA recommendation and selection

LOG COA COMPARISON COA 1COA 2COA 3 FIX ARM FUEL MOVE MAN SUSTAIN ) (

H+ 0H+ 4H+ 5H+ 7 FIX FUEL ARM SUSTAIN MOVE CHS MISC H-Hour Synchronization Matrix

SUMMARY LOGISTICS PRINCIPLES / CONSIDERATIONS MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS UNITED NATIONS LOGISTICS MISSION ANALYSIS PROCESS

QUESTIONS ?