Protestant Reformation

Analyze these Woodcuts Both by Lucas Cranach, 1521

Problems with the Church  Feared it was becoming too ______________  People losing respect for _____________  Church paying for elaborate Renaissance art Who is really paying? Who is really paying?  Pope Leo X needs money to build __________  Will raise money by selling ____________ Pardons issued by the Pope to ________ their time in Purgatory Pardons issued by the Pope to ________ their time in Purgatory  People turning from Church and more to state - ______________ Extravagant Clergy St. Peter’s Basilica Indulgences Lessen Nationalism

Early Reformers  John Wycliffe – church give up _______ __________ church give up _______ __________ Bible into __________ language Bible into __________ language  John Hus – burned at the stake for his beliefs against the church Earthly Possessions Common

Protestant Reformation  Early reformers laid foundation  Protestant Reformation: __________________________________  Most recognize _________ as the date for the beginning of the reformation Church back to its roots 1517

Martin Luther  Thought the selling of __________ was sinful  Nailed ___________ to the door of the church  Intended just for church leaders written in _________ _________ written in _________ _________ Inspired discussion among _______________ Inspired discussion among _______________  Because of the ________ _______ these were spread throughout Europe Indulgences 95 Theses Academic Latin University scholars Printing Press

Luther’s Beliefs that got him in trouble  God’s grace can’t be earned by just ______ _______; needed __________  The only head of the church is _________ Not the __________ Not the __________  People should be able to ________ scripture  Christian practices should come directly from the Bible Translates Bible into __________ people other than clergy able to read scriptures Translates Bible into __________ people other than clergy able to read scriptures Good Works Faith Christ Pope Interpret German

Trouble  Luther is _______________ by Pope Leo X  To go before HRE Charles V and German assembly in the city of Worms  Refused to ______________ his beliefs  Charles V issues Edict of Worms- declares: Luther an _____________ Luther an _____________ Condemned his writings Condemned his writings  Ideas spread, by 1530s _____________ was a recognized branch of Christianity Excommunicated Denounce outlaw Lutheranism

Other Reformers  Zwingli – Similar to Luther, in Switzerland Not supported by Luther Not supported by Luther Wanted Theocracy – Church and State the same Wanted Theocracy – Church and State the same Dies in battle against the Catholics Dies in battle against the Catholics  John Calvin – Predestination – God knows who will be saved before they are born Can do nothing to change it Can do nothing to change it Born good or bad Born good or bad People are born bad so must have strict laws to maintain order People are born bad so must have strict laws to maintain order

Other Reformers Cont.  John Knox – Scotland reformer Presbyterians in the US Presbyterians in the US  Anabaptists - broke away based on baptism beliefs Baptized adults (crime at the time) Baptized adults (crime at the time) Mennonites and Amish are examples Mennonites and Amish are examples

Henry VIII of England Wife 1 Catherine of Aragon -sister-in-law -princess of Spain “Defender of the Faith” Daughter 1 Mary *Wants marriage to Catherine Annulled *Catherine and nephew (HRE) Charles V don’t *Pope Refuses to annul the marriage *Henry and Parliament declare England no longer under the pope – church of England *Act of Supremacy – English people must take oath of loyalty to Henry – official break from Rome

Anne Bolen Wife 2 -Beheaded for adultery and treason Elizabeth 1 Daughter 2 Jane Seymour Wife 3 -Dies in Childbirth -Buried next to Henry Edward VI – only son

Anne of Cleves Wife 4 -Marries based on recommendation of friend -Thinks she’s ugly -Annulled Catherine Howard Wife 5 -Had an affair -Will be beheaded Catherine Parr Wife 6 Survived Henry Divorced, beheaded, died, divorce, beheaded, survived