Adolescence (Halloween Special) The transition period from childhood to adulthood.

Physical Development It all begins with puberty Puberty: the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Body Changes at Puberty

Primary Sexual Characteristics The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible Ovaries Testicles Penis Vagina

Secondary Sexual Characteristics Nonreproductive sexual characteristics Female breasts Deepening of male voice Body hair Widening of the Hips

When does puberty start? The Landmarks First ejaculation for boys Menarche for girls Do we remember these things?

Puberty Sequence is way more predictable than the timing. How might timing differences effect an adolescent socially?

Cognitive Development Have the ability to reason but……. The reasoning is self-focused. Assume that their experiences are unique. Experience formal operational thought

Puberty, What’s That???

Social Development It’s all about forming an identity!!!

Identity One’s sense of self. The idea that an adolescent’s job is to find oneself by testing various roles. Comes from Erik Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial development.

Identity Some teenagers take their identity early by sharing their parents’ values and expectations. Some teenagers will adopt a negative identity- opposition to society, but conform to a peer group.

Intimacy Towards the end of adolescence, intimacy becomes the prime goal. Can you list the intimacy differences between men and women?

Trust vs. Mistrust Age Important Event Description Birth - 18 months Feeding Infants form a loving, trusting relationship with parents; they also learn to mistrust others.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt AgeImportant Event Description 18 months - 3 Years Toilet Training Child's energies are directed toward physical skills: walking, grasping, and toilet training. The child learns control along with a healthy dose of shame and doubt.

Initiative vs. Guilt AgeImportant Event Description Years IndependenceChild becomes more assertive, takes more initiative, becomes more forceful.

Competence vs. Inferiority AgeImportant Event Description YearsSchool The child must deal with demands to learn new skills while risking a sense of inferiority and failure

Identity vs. Role Confusion AgeImportant Event Description Adolescence PeersTeens must achieve self- identity while deciphering their roles in occupation, politics, and religion.

Intimacy vs. Isolation AgeImportant Event Description Young Adult RelationshipsThe young adult must develop marriage-seeking relationships while combating feelings of isolation.

Generativity vs. Stagnation Age Important Event Description Middle AdultParentingAssuming the role of parents signifies the need to continue the generations while avoiding the inevitable feeling of failure.

Integrity vs. Despair Age Important Event Description Late Adult Life Reflection Acceptance of one's lifetime accomplishments and sense of fulfillment.

Adulthood Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood Early Adulthood

Physical Milestones Menopause: the natural ending of a woman’s ability to reproduce. There are physical symptoms led by a lack of estrogen. What psychological effects can menopause have? Men do not experience anything like menopause. Men can pretty much produce sperm forever.

Life Expectancy Life Expectancy keeps increasing- now about 75. Women outlive men by about 4 years. But more men are conceived: 126 to 100 More men are birthed: 105 to 100 In other words, men die easier.

Health Bad news: As we get older our immune system weakens, thus we become more susceptible to life threatening ailments (cancer). Good News: Because we are older, we build up a collection of antibodies throughout the years. So therefore, we get minor colds less often.

Age and Driving The brain processes information at slower speeds.

Alzheimer’s Disease A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, language and physical functioning. Runs its course in 5 to 20 years. Deterioration of neurons that produce the neurotransmitter…. Acetylcholine Estrogen supplements may stop the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Cognitive Changes We tend to remember events from our teens and twenties. Difference between recognition and recall. Recognition remains stable. Recall declines with old age.

Do old People Get Stupid? Cross-sectional studies show decline. Longitudinal Studies show consistency. What is the difference? Cross-sectional studies: study with people of different ages studied at the same time. Longitudinal Studies: same people studied and retested over a period of time.

But there are different types of intelligence. Crystallized intelligence: one’s accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age. Fluid Intelligence: one’s ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.

Social Development of Adults Social Clock Culturally preferred timing of certain events.

Love and Marriage What kind of marriages work? 5 to 1 ratio of positive to negative interactions.

Elizabeth Kubler-Roth: 5 Stages of Dying Denial: no freakin way this is happing to me! Anger: How dare god let this happen- this is BS!!! Bargaining: Just let me live to see my son get married. Depression: I cannot deal with this! What is my family going to do without me? Acceptance: I am ready; I do not want to fight this anymore.