CNS Anatomy of the Brain.

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Presentation transcript:

CNS Anatomy of the Brain

Support and Protection Meninges encase brain & SC Three layers: Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater Between layers: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; airbag for brain)

CSF produced in choroid plexus Secreted and circulated by ependymal cells

Figure 8.37b

Ventricles

Major Regions

Major Features of Brain

Brainstem Cranial nerves 3-12 Medulla oblongata Pons Mesencephalon Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus

Brainstem Diencephalon: Thalamus (sensory info. filter) & hypothalamus (eating & drinking reflexes) Mesencephalon: Visual and Auditory reflex centers (head-turning) Pons: Relay station for sensory info. Medulla oblongata: Regulate cardio, respiratory, digestive activities

Medulla Oblongata Regulatory Nuclei: Pyramids: heart & respiratory rate, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, swallowing, balance, coordination, digestion Pyramids: Descending motor nerves; conscious control of skeletal muscle

Pons Ascending & descending tracts Relay nuclei: Regulatory nuclei: Share info between cerebrum & cerebellum Regulatory nuclei: Chewing & salivation; respiration

Midbrain Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi Regulatory nuclei Visual reflex Inferior colliculi Auditory reflex & nerve tracts Regulatory nuclei Lens shape, pupil diameter Substantia nigra Regulates body movements

Diencephalon Thalamus Epithalamus Hypothalamus Ascending sensory neurons synapse here; project to cerebrum Epithalamus Emotional & visceral response to odors; pineal body regulates long-term cycles Hypothalamus Maintaining homeostasis via hormone release

Diencephalon

Cerebellum Gray and white matter Balance; maintains muscle tone; coordinates fine muscle movement Comparator: integrates proposed movements with current body position to produce smooth, exact movement Involved in learning new balance-intensive activities Riding a bike, yoga, climbing

Cerebellum Controls skeletal muscle contractions

Movement & Body position

Limbic System Facilitates memory storage & retrieval Establishes & drives emotional states Links conscious with unconscious and autonomic functions of the brain stem

Limbic System

Cerebrum & its Regions Complex info. Processing Conscious thought Reasoning Memory creation & storage

Cerebral Space

Ascending somatosensory pathway Crossover in MO, to opposite side of body Synapse in thalamus Projection to cerebral cortex

Descending Motor pathway Project from motor cortex Crossover @ lower MO Synapse in spinal cord Project to effector

Axons connect CNS - CNS and CNS -PNS Association, commissural, projection

Axons connect CNS - CNS and CNS -PNS

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