1. Spinal Cord ASCENDING - impulses travel to the brain (sensory)
passes down the vertebral canal, has 31 segments  (each with a pair of spinal nerves)
ASCENDING  - impulses travel to the brain (sensory)
DESCENDING - impulses travel to the muscles (motor)

2. The nerves are numbered based on their location
C1 - C8
T1 - T12
L1 - L5
S1 – S-5

3. Myelinated (white matter) – myelinated axons
White vs Grey Matter
Myelinated (white matter) – myelinated axons
Unmyelinated (grey matter) - unmyelinated
Grey matter

4. The Meninges
Membranes located between bone and soft tissues of the nervous system.
Dura mater - outermost layer, blood vessels
Arachnoid mater  -  no blood vessels, in between layer (resembles a spider web)
Pia mater -inner membrane, contains nerves and blood vessels to nourish cells

5. CSF -  cerebrospinal fluid
- between arachnoid and pia maters.
- fill the ventricles (cavities) of the brain

6. THE BRAIN
3 Major Parts
Cerebrum
Brain Stem

7. CEREBRUM -wrinkly large part of the brain
- higher mental function, solving problems

8. CEREBELLUM Balance and coordination.
White matter within the cerebellum give it a tree-like appearance - this is called the
ARBOR VITAE

9. Brain Stem - regulates visceral functions (autonomic system)
- regulates visceral functions
(autonomic system)

10. Cerebrum Separated into…
Cerebral Hemispheres
Corpus Callosum 
Frontal Lobe
Motor Cortex
Sensory Cortex
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Cerebral Cortex

11. Cerebral Hemispheres
    -  left and right side separated by the...
Corpus Callosum 
-  connects the two hemispheres 

12. Lobes of the Brain

13. Cerebral Cortex - outermost portion of cerebrum, the part with all the wrinkles

14. Convolutions of the Brain
- the wrinkles and grooves of the cerebrum
Fissures = deep groove
Sulcus = shallow groove
Gyrus = bump

15. Fissures – separate lobes
Longitudinal fissure - separate right and left sides

16. Transverse Fissure - separates cerebrum from cerebellum

17. Lateral Fissure separates the temporal lobe from the Frontal and Parietal lobes

18. BRAIN STEM Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Midbrain Pons
Medulla Oblongata

19. Diencephalon has 2 parts.....
Hypothalamus - hormones, heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, hunger, attaches to pituitary Thalamus - relay station

20. Optic Tract / Chiasma - optic nerves cross over each other

21. Cerebellum - balance, coordination
Midbrain – visual reflexes, eye movements
Pons - relay sensory information
Medulla – heart, respiration, blood pressure

22. The LIMBIC SYSTEM
hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala ( and several other nearby areas )
main function is in emotions
Why are teenagers impulsive?

23. HIPPOCAMPUS
Memory is controlled by the HIPPOCAMPUS (“sea horse”; that’s its shape). The hippocampus plays a major role in memories.
Amygdala - storage of memories associated with emotional events.
~Also associated with fear response and aggression