Do Now: Define genotype and phenotype. Then determine the relationship between the two.

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RNA and Protein Synthesis

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Do Now: Define genotype and phenotype. Then determine the relationship between the two.

THINK Where is DNA found? What organelle makes proteins? Where is it found? How will the necessary information to make proteins get from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Ribonucleic Acid Ribose (sugar) Single stranded Uracil replaces Thymine 3 types : messenger, transfer and ribosomal RNA –mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Transcription Promoter sequences signal RNA polymerase to bind to DNA at specific sites & separate the DNA strands RNA polymerase uses template as “sense” strand to form mRNA by building complimentary nucleotides Re: RNA uses Uracil in place of Thymine Example: DNA code: T T A G C C mRNA: A A U C G G

mRNA is edited (introns cut out, exons spliced together) Edited mRNA goes to ribosome (site of protein synthesis)

THINK IF we refer to DNA&RNA as a nucleotide “language” (codes in base sequence)..and proteins as amino acid language (aa sequence = proteins)… Quelle est la prochaine étape? (What is the next step?) TRANSLATION

Translation Cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins tRNA will be our “translator” mRNA “words” are read in 3 nucleotide sequences known as codons tRNA has only one specific aa for every complimentary mRNA codon, known as an anticodon

Re: Proteins (polymer) are made from chains of amino acids (monomer) joined by peptide bonds. AKA polypeptide Protein shape is determined by sequence of any combination of the 20 aa (4X4X4)64 possible 3-base codons

Genetic Code

Protein Synthesis (summary) 1.mRNA is transcribed 2.Ribosome positions start codon to bind to anti-codon on tRNA 3.Ribosome moves along mRNA, binding new tRNA and aa’s. Peptide bond binds aa’s as the chain builds and tRNA’s move along the chain 4.Process continues until there is a stop codon in mRNA ein%20Synthesis.html

DO NOW 1. NAME 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DNA AND RNA.

EXTRA CREDIT Create a free standing 3D model of a DNA molecule Must be accurate in representing all parts, including all bonds. DUE MONDAY HOMEWORK p.read p299 mini lab “how DNA controls the cell”