Growth and Development of the Cotton Fruit Craig W. Bednarz University of Georgia Tifton, GA.

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Presentation transcript:

Growth and Development of the Cotton Fruit Craig W. Bednarz University of Georgia Tifton, GA

Bracts Petals Anther Filament Stigma Style Ovary (fruit) Ovules (seeds) Cotton Flower Parts (complete)

Cotton Terminal (40 X) Main Stem Meristem (monopodium) Fruiting Branch Meristem (sympodium) Fruiting Branch Meristem Main Stem Leaf Primordia (whorl) Consecutive Nodes (not visible) Thrips

Cotton Sympodia

Cotton Monopodia/Vegetative

whorls bract sepal petal stamen Carpel (pistil)

Schematic of a Carpel in Cross Section axile placentation parietal placentation one carpelFour carpels (fold then fuse) pea cotton, okra van Iersel and Oosterhuis 1995 Weier et al., 1980

Cotton Pollination Pollen Tube grows at a rate of several mm/h and is SENSITIVE to EVERYTHING. Tube enters mircopyle and male gametes are released.

Cotton Ovule on the Day of Anthesis Oosterhuis and Jernstedt, 1999 micropyle 0.008”

Oosterhuis and Jernstedt, 1999 Fiber Initials on the Day of Anthesis 0.001”

Developing Cotton Fibers One Day After Antheis Oosterhuis and Jernstedt, ”

Cotton Fiber Footing Berlin, 1986

Fibers Elongate for the First Three Weeks After Anthesis (Boll Enlargement Phase) Fibers are Single Cell Increase in Length 1000 X Water Required Potassium Required Temperature

Fibers Fill During the Second Three Weeks After Anthesis (Boll Filling Phase) Water Potassium Temperature Bill Goynes, USDA-ARS

Stages of Boll Development

What Influences Fiber Properties? CHO supply (source) CHO demand (sink) Water Temperature Nutrients Also impact CHO supply and demand.

CHO Supply

Decreased Pnet and Increased Rdark results in: Less weight gain. Less CHO availability for boll filling. Reduced boll weight. Reduced fiber mirconaire?

Bourland et al., 1992 CHO Supply Premature aging of crop canopy should be avoided (water stress, fertility stress, etc.). Will impact early season storage of CHO or hasten decline in Pnet Boll filling occurs with a diminishing CHO supply (root and petiole storage, etc.)

CHO Supply Hake et al., 1990 Late Season Heat and Drought? Short staple and low mike cotton early in harvest season?

Hake et al., 1990 CHO Demand

Yield Distribution

CHO supply (environment) and CHO demand (crop condition, maturity) impact fiber properties.