1. Reproduction in Flowering Plants

2. The flower is a structure specialized for reproduction
Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants involves meiosis and fertilization

3. Reproductive Organs
The stamen is the male reproductive structure and consists of an anther and filament
The filament holds the anther
The anther produces monopolid cells by meiosis called pollen

4. Reproductive Organs
The pistil is the female reproductive structure located in the center of the flower
It consists of the :
Stigma: which is at the top of the pistil and receives pollen

5. Style: supports the stigma, connects the stigma to the ovary
Ovary: produces monoploid cells by meiosis in structures called ovules

6. 1. stigma
2. anther
3. petal
4.style
5. filament
6. ovary
7. sepal

7. Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

8. Self-pollination: transfer within the same plant (less variation)
Cross pollination: pollen is transferred from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another
Can be due to wind, insects, birds water (color and nectar are attractants)
Artificial pollination: pollen is transferred by humans

10. Fertilization Pollen lands on the stigma of a flower
A pollen tube grows down the style to the ovary

11. The pollen tube penetrates the ovary and enters the ovule
A monoploid sperm nucleus fuses with a monopoloid egg nucleus to form a zygote
The zygote undergoes mitosis to become and embryo

13. The ovule becomes the seed
The ovary becomes the fruit containing seeds

14. Seed Structure
Seed coat: the outer layer that protects the embryo

15. Seed Structure The epicotyl develops into the leaves and upper stem
The hypocotly develops into the stem
The radicle develops into roots
The cotyledons store food

16. Monocots have one cotyledon
Dicots have 2 cotyledons

17. Seed Germination: the early growth of a plant embryo
The embryo develops into a mature plant by :
Mitosis
Differentation
Growth

18. Requirements for Seed Germination
Proper temperature
Moisture
Oxygen
DOES NOT REQUIRE SUNLIGHT!!!!