Nuclear Security Culture William Tobey Workshop on Strengthening the Culture of Nuclear Safety and Security, Sao Paulo, Brazil August 25-26, 2014

Structure of the Presentation WHAT IS NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? FACTORS INFLUENCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE WHAT IS A GOOD NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES TO IMPROVE SECURITY CULTURE WINS’ CONTRIBUTION TO ENHANCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE

Structure of the Presentation WHAT IS NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? FACTORS INFLUENCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE WINS’ CONTRIBUTION TO ENHANCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE WHAT IS A GOOD NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES TO IMPROVE SECURITY CULTURE

Nuclear Security Culture – what is it? “The assembly of characteristics, attitudes and behaviours of individuals, organisations and institutions, which serve as a means to support and enhance nuclear security” Definition from IAEA Nuclear Security Culture, Series 7 September 2008

Nuclear Security Culture – what is it? The term “nuclear security culture” refers to the beliefs, understandings and practices that all the people engaged in an nuclear organisation or one utilising radiological materials – from the Senior Management to the general workforce – bring to its security. “Nuclear security culture” might best be described as the glue required for the effective implementation of nuclear security measures across all relevant sectors.

Nuclear Security Culture – why is it important? A robust Nuclear Security culture and a strong sense of professional responsibility are of fundamental importance to ensuring the protection of nuclear and radiological materials including sensitive knowledge and expertise A failure in nuclear security culture can lead to the theft of nuclear and radiological materials for the construction of dirty bombs and, perhaps, improvised nuclear devices, or to the sabotage of nuclear facilities. Poor culture and corporate governance are key to many of the observed failures to implement effective security

Structure of the Presentation WHAT IS NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? FACTORS INFLUENCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE WHAT IS A GOOD NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES TO IMPROVE SECURITY CULTURE WINS’ CONTRIBUTION TO ENHANCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE

Factors Influencing Nuclear Security Culture Beliefs, principles & values Characteristics Documented expectations & behaviours

Factors Influencing Nuclear Security Culture You believe that: - Credible threats exist at all times - Nuclear security plays a vital role to combat these threats - A strong security culture is essential - Independent oversight strengthens security - An organisation must value learning - Security is the responsibility of everyone - On-going effective security training is essential - Teamwork is of significant importance

Factors Influencing Nuclear Security Culture Beliefs, principles & values Documented expectations & behaviours

Factors Influencing Nuclear Security Culture Beliefs, principles & values Documented expectations & behaviours You believe that the characteristics of a successful nuclear security culture are based on: - Leadership and Motivation - Accountability - Professionalism and Competency - Integration - Learning and Improvement

Factors Influencing Nuclear Security Culture Beliefs, principles & values Characteristics

Factors Influencing Nuclear Security Culture Beliefs, principles & values Characteristics You adhere to a: Security Management Programme which specifies: Policies Roles and responsibilities Operating Procedures Promoting Desired Behaviour Communication tools Leading by example Learning from experience

Structure of the Presentation WHAT IS NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? FACTORS INFLUENCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE WHAT IS A GOOD NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES TO IMPROVE SECURITY CULTURE WINS’ CONTRIBUTION TO ENHANCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE

WHAT IS A GOOD SECURITY CULTURE?WHAT IS A GOOD SECURITY CULTURE? 1.There is commitment at the top of the Organisation and publically available policies and statements about the importance of security to the Organisation 2.Good security is implemented because it is important, not just because of the Regulations 3.There is a Senior Committee of Directors that reviews the Security Programme and Performance Measures 4.Security is given the same priority as Safety

WHAT IS A GOOD SECURITY CULTURE?WHAT IS A GOOD SECURITY CULTURE? 5.Good security is seen as everyone’s responsibility; All Employees and Contractors understand their role to make security effective 6.There are good and open relationships with the Police and joint, practical exercises conducted that demonstrate the effectiveness of security 7.Security problems are reported honestly so that lessons can be learned

WHAT IS A GOOD SECURITY CULTURE?WHAT IS A GOOD SECURITY CULTURE? 8.Surveys are conducted to assess the security culture in the Organisation 9.Security costs are fully understood, just as for any other business activity, and improvements in effectiveness sought on a constant basis; “How can we do this better” 10.The Security Department is respected and seen as an important part of the Management Team

Structure of the Presentation WHAT IS NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? FACTORS INFLUENCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE WHAT IS A GOOD NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES TO IMPROVE SECURITY CULTURE WINS’ CONTRIBUTION TO ENHANCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE

Practical Measures to Improve Security Culture Hold inter-departmental discussion groups and document the views Benchmark with other organisations and report the results Invite external speakers and the Regulator to come and talk to your Executive Take managers to see real test explosions at an army rangeInvolve the trade unions Move the security management team into the same building as other corporate centre staff

Practical Measures to Improve Security Culture Focus on practical benefits from better securityUse business language in security reports and avoid jargonEstablish performance metrics and report them to the ExecutiveMake sure that legal accountabilities are crystal clearCommunicate with stakeholders and agree the interfaces Establish an Executive Committee to oversee the security programme

Summary ESTABLISH THE CORPORATE STRATEGY ESTABLISH THE GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS AND SET THE CULTURE ESTABLISH CROSS FUNCTIONAL OVERSIGHT ESTABLISH A COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY PROGRAMME ESTABLISH SECURITY METRICS, BOTH LEADING AND LAGGING INDICATORS

Structure of the Presentation WHAT IS NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? FACTORS INFLUENCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE WHAT IS A GOOD NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE? SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES TO IMPROVE SECURITY CULTURE WINS’ CONTRIBUTION TO ENHANCING NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE

WINS’ Mission To provide those who are accountable for nuclear security with an international forum in which to share and promote best security practice.

WINS’ Achievements to Date 32 International Best Practice Guides published 32 International Best Practice Guides published 51 International Best Practice Workshops 51 International Best Practice Workshops 10 Published languages 10 Published languages

Security Culture UNEQUAL CULTURE? - Safety and Operations require Excellence; why should security just require compliance? -Significant differences exist between nuclear safety and security culture, competency, oversight and organisation within nuclear organisations

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