The Spread of Protestantism Note Entry #42

The Swiss Reformers Huldrych Zwingli: Swiss priest who led Protestants. Huldrych Zwingli: Swiss priest who led Protestants. –He was protesting the theocracy in Switzerland. –1531 War  Zwingli and his Protestant missionaries were attacked in Catholic Switzerland. Protestant leaders in neighboring states attacked Switzerland. Protestant leaders in neighboring states attacked Switzerland.

John Calvin John Calvin –Established the Calvinist religion. –Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion. –He believed in “predestination”. Belief that God had determined the fate of each person at birth and it could not be changed. Belief that God had determined the fate of each person at birth and it could not be changed. –Opposite of “free will” –Established the “City of God”  Geneva. Strict atmosphere; attractive to many Europeans. Strict atmosphere; attractive to many Europeans.

–Geneva was policed by the Consistory. It was a Church Council of 12 elders. It was a Church Council of 12 elders. They did home inspections looking for law breakers. They did home inspections looking for law breakers. –No smoking –No drinking –No gambling –No card playing –No dancing

By the late 1500s, Calvinism had spread throughout northern Europe. In Germany, Lutherans and Catholics fought Calvinists. In France, Calvinists battled Catholics. In Scotland, Calvinist preacher John Knox helped overthrow a Catholic queen. To escape persecution in England, groups of Calvinists sailed for America in the early 1600s.

Anabaptists Anabaptists Anabaptists rejected the baptism of infants, causing the other major religions to shun them. Anabaptists rejected the baptism of infants, causing the other major religions to shun them. Some radical Anabaptists favored the abolition of private property and sought to speed up God’s judgment day. Some radical Anabaptists favored the abolition of private property and sought to speed up God’s judgment day. Most Anabaptists were peaceful, calling for religious tolerance and separation of church and state. Most Anabaptists were peaceful, calling for religious tolerance and separation of church and state. Today’s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish all have Anabaptist origins. Today’s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish all have Anabaptist origins.

The Anglican Church aka: As England Turns Henry VIII  King of England Henry VIII  King of England –He forms the Anglican Church when the pope Church when the pope won’t let him divorce his wife. She hadn’t provided him She hadn’t provided him with a male heir. with a male heir. He tries to get her to go to a He tries to get her to go to a nunnery but she refuses. The Anglican Church is very similar to the Catholic Church; however, they do not have confession and allow divorce. The Anglican Church is very similar to the Catholic Church; however, they do not have confession and allow divorce.

The Many Wives of Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon –She was a Spanish princess. –She has one living child  Mary. –2 stillborn babies, one son dies at 3 months of age. –Henry wants a male heir and she hasn’t provided one after 20 years of marriage. –He DIVORCES her.

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn –She was one of Catherine’s ladies-in- waiting. –Henry marries her after his divorce. –She has a daughter  Elizabeth. –She doesn’t have a son . –Henry has her convicted of treason. –She is BEHEADED.

Jane Seymour Jane Seymour –Henry marries her 24 hours after Anne’s execution. –He is very happy with this marriage. –She has a son  Edward VI. He is a hemophiliac. He is a hemophiliac. –She DIED 2 weeks after the baby is born of complications from delivery. –Henry is buried next to her when he dies.

Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves –Henry marries her to make an alliance with Germany. –Not a happy match.  Henry agreed to marry her after seeing her portrait. He said he didn’t want He said he didn’t want an ugly wife. –He DIVORCED her.

Kathryn Howard Kathryn Howard –She was 30 years younger than Henry. –Henry will accuse her of adultery  with the help of his aides he is able to prove it. –She is BEHEADED.

Katherine Parr Katherine Parr –She will be Henry VIII’s nurse in his final years. –Henry dies and she SURVIVED. –A nursery rhyme of the time went: Henry the Eighth had many wives, Divorced, Beheaded, Died Divorced, Beheaded, Survived.

Edward VI becomes king upon Henry’s death Edward VI becomes king upon Henry’s death –He is 9 years old when he becomes king. His godfather, Lord Seymour, becomes regent to help him rule. He is Protestant. He dies at the age of 16 (complications of measles and tuberculosis).

Mary becomes Queen upon Edward’s death. Mary becomes Queen upon Edward’s death. She is Catholic and makes England a Catholic nation again. She is Catholic and makes England a Catholic nation again. Under her reign Protestants are forced to convert to Catholicism or be tortured. Under her reign Protestants are forced to convert to Catholicism or be tortured. This will earn her the nickname “Bloody Mary”. This will earn her the nickname “Bloody Mary”. She marries Philip II of Spain She marries Philip II of Spain She dies at the age of 42. She dies at the age of 42. –Cancer?

Elizabeth will become Queen upon Mary’s death. Elizabeth will become Queen upon Mary’s death. –She is 26 when she becomes queen. –She will rule for 44 years. She never marries. She never marries. Under her rule England Under her rule England will become the most powerful nation in the world. She makes England a Protestant nation again.