National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign, 2013 Group –IV Interventions to increase Oilseeds, Pulses Production in different ecologies Date : Sept Venue: National Agriculture Science Centre Pusa Complex, New Delhi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CANE DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND 1

2 JHARKHAND STATE PROFILE Area in % Area in Lakhs Ha * Total Geographical Area: * Total Cultivable Land :38.00 * Net Sown Area:28.08% * Current Fallow:11.12%8.87 * Other Fallow:08.46%6.75 * Forest:29.20%23.28 * Barren Lands:7.20%5.74 * Non – Agricultural Use:8.60%6.86 * Pasture and Other Grazing Land:2.48%1.97 * Cultivable Waste Land:3.44%2.74 * Irrigated land:12.73%3.007 * Cropping Intensity :116%

 Average Normal rainfall-1200 to 1300 mm  Rainfall during June to Sept-80 % of total Rainfall  Present Trend of Rainfall - Rainfall delayed & Late onset of Monsoon  Upto 20 th Sept

Rainfall…..monthly distribution 4

Rainfall during April to Sept.(mm) S No.YearSource : Directorate of Agril.Source : IMD, Ranchi NormalActualNormalActual April May, June July Aug st Sept,

Land Situation Total Cultivable Land -38 lakh ha Area under Kharif -26 lakh ha Area under Rabi -6-7 Lakh ha Upland Rice Area -5-6 Lakh ha Rice Fallow Area Lakh ha There is a potential of taking Pulses & Oilseeds in Lakh ha of Rice-Fallow area. 6

APY of Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds and others Crop APYAPYAPY Cereals Pulses (Kharif) Rabi Total Oilseeds (Kharif) Rabi Total Others Crop * APYAPYAPY Cereals Pulses (Kharif) Pulses (Rabi) Total Oilseeds (Kharif) Rabi Total Others Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha 7 * 1 st Advance estimate

Coverage of Kharif and Rabi Pulses in ‘000 ha 8

Production of Kharif and Rabi Pulses in ‘000 Tonnes 9

Coverage of Kharif and Rabi Oilseeds in ‘000 ha 10

Production of Kharif and Rabi Oilseeds in ‘000 Tonnes 11

APY of different Pulses Crops Crop APYAPYAPY Arhar Urad Moong Kulthi Bengal Gram Masur Pea Crop * APYAPYAPY Arhar Urad Moong Kulthi Bengal Gram Masur Pea Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha 12 * 1 st Advance Estimate

Coverage of different Pulses crops (’000 ha) 13

Productivity Chart of Arhar, Urad, Moong & Kulthi Unit in Kg/ha

15

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Pea, Bengal Gram, Masur 16

Popular varieties under Pulses Sl. No.CropVarieties 1.ArharBahar, Birsa Arhar-1, UPAS-120, ICPL (Asha), ICPL (Laxmi), ICPH- 2671, Narandra Black Gram (Urad)T9, Pant U-19, Pant U-30, Birsa Urad-1, Pant U-40 3.Green Gram (Moong)Pusa Vishal, SML- 668, K-851, PDM – 139, TM-37 4.Horse Gram (Kulthi)Birsa Kulthi-1, Madhu, A. K. -21, A. K Chickpea (Gram)BG-372, Pant G -114, Pusa -256, Kranti (ICCU-37), KWR - 108, KPG-59, H.K.– , KAK-2 6.Lentil (Masur)PL-406, PL – 639, KLS – 218, K- 75, HUL PeaDDR-23, Pusa Prabhat, Malviya Matar – 15 17

Seed Production Status (Pulses) YearCropProduction in Qtls Arhar2450 qtls Lentil25 qtls Gram250 qtls Total2725 qtls Arhar1410 qtls Gram1000 qtls Lentil500 qtls Total2910 qtls *Arhar17184 qtls Blackgram1540 qtls Moong1496 qtls Gram26500 qtls Lentil4000 qtls Pea8800 qtls Total59520 qtls 18 * Targeted

APY of different oilseed crops Crop APYAPYAPY Groundnut Niger Sesamum Mustard Linseed Crop * APYAPYAPY Groundnut Niger Sesamum Mustard Linseed Area in ‘000 ha Production in ‘000 tonnes Yield in kg/ha 19 * 1 ST Advance Estimate

Coverage of different Oilseed crops (‘000 ha) 20

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Groundnut, Niger, Sesamum 21

Productivity (Kg/ha) Chart of Mustard and Linseed 22

Popular varieties under Oilseeds S No.CropVarieties 1.GroundnutBirsa Bold, A. K , BG-1, BG-2, GG-13 2.TilKanke Safed, Krishna, N-25 3.SoybeanBrag, Birsa Soybean -1, J.S. -335, Birsa Safed Soybean-2, J-J ToriaToria-T9, PT-303, Panchali, Vardan 5.Rai/ MustardKranti, Pusa Bishal, Shivani, Pusa Bold 6.NigerBirsa Niger-1, Birsa Niger-2, Birsa Niger-3 7.LinseedT 397, Shekhar, Sweta, Shubhra 23

Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds Kharif, 2013 CropRequirement in Qtls Availability in QtlDeficit in qtl (-) Arhar Moong748- Urad Soyabean Tori

Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds Rabi, CropRequirement in Qtls Availability in Qtls * Deficit (-) Bengal Gram Pea (+) 750 Masur (+) 2605 Mustard Linseed

Procurement of Pulses & Oilseeds No procurement of Pulses and Oilseed till last year. Effort for procurement of pulses & oilseed is undertaken during NAFED (Central Govt. Agency) tie-up for procurement. VEGFED (State level Agency) engaged for procurement through PACs/ LAMPs District wise target for procurement of Pulses / Oilseed finalized on the basis of production. Dy. Commissioner of concerned district designated to oversees the procurement process. ATMA & other agencies are involved for awareness programme for procurement qtls Urad was procured during

Concerns in Oilseeds & Pulses Continued dependence of oilseeds on rainfed production system Non availability of quality seeds of improved varieties Poor crop nutrition – Sub-optimal and imbalanced use of major nutrients – Minimal use of secondary and micronutrients New biotic threats: Inefficient processing Inadequate marketing support and non-remunerative prices 27

Past growth Past growth – 49% contributed by area expansion 51% by productivity improvement Area expansion in oilseed and Pulses crops which have  Shown higher growth rate of productivity due to technological development  Whose relative prices with competing crops have moved in their favour  Higher growth rates combined with higher prices resulting in sharp increases in total profitability Area Expansion 28

Area Expansion Use of fallow / barren land under pulses and oilseed through land reclamation and use of INM. Rice – fallow be used with short duration pulses & oilseed crops. Under remmunerative cropping system oilseed and pulses crop be used as catch crop or relay crop. Crop intensification in underutilized farming situations like rice -fallows Intercropping in widely spaced crops Situations of limited water availability As options under contingency planning and as catch crops Replacement of less-remunerative crops Promotion of oilseed and Pulses crops in saline and acid soils Crop diversification in rice-rice and rice-wheat system areas 29

Enhancing Oilseeds & Pulses Productivity A combination of land saving technologies involving : - High yielding varieties/hybrids - Balanced and integrated crop nutrition - Efficient crop management - Integrated pest management - Mechanisation 30

Nutrient Management in Oilseeds & Pulses Oilseeds & Pulses are energy rich crops grown under energy starved conditions Good response to major, (N, P, K); secondary (S) and micronutrients (Zn, B, Mo) Need for fertilizer management on a cropping system basis for high use efficiency 31

Biofertilizers in Oilseed & Pulses Production Seed innoculation with Rhizobium in pulses and Some oilseeds (Groundnut and Soybean) to save kg N /ha. Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Azotobacter saves 20 to 30 kg N/ha in sesame, mustard, sunflower and safflower Application of phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) mobilizes fixed P in soil and reduces P requirement 32

Irrigation  More than 77% of oilseeds & Pulses area is rainfed  Water requirements of oilseeds & Pulses are low as compared to cereals  Productivity of most oilseed & Pulses crops can almost be doubled with just one or two irrigations during critical stages  Diversify with oilseed and Pulses crops when water supplies are limited 33

Efficient Crop Management Low cost and no cost technologies  Crop rotation to improve soil health and to reduce pest build up  Soil and moisture conservation measures  Timely planting  Adequate plant stand through adjustment in seed rate and thinning  Timely weed management to reduce crop weed competition  Need based plant protection with bioagents and biopesticides  Promotion of PGPR like Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, PSB, etc.  Liming in acid soil to improve crop productivity. 34

Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Oilseed Crops Groundnut Leaf SpotBud NecrosisRoot GrubSpodoptera Rapeseed- Mustard Sunflower Alternaria leaf blightNecrosisCapitulum borer Contd… White rustAphidAlternaria Soybean Tobacco caterpillar Girdle beetle grubGreen semilooper 35

Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Pulses Crops Pigeonpea Pod borerWilt Black gram Pea Powdary mildewRustPod borer Yellow mosaicHairy catter pillar Chickpea Pod borerWilt Sterlity mosaic Sucking insect Leaf wrinkle 36

Managing Insect Pests and Diseases Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices have been standardised involving resistant varieties, biocontrol agents, biopesticides and need-based use of chemicals Additional benefit with IPM ranges from Rs. 2500/ha to Rs. 7600/ha in different oilseed & Pulses crops 37

Preparedness for monitoring and Surveillance of insects, pests and diseases Selection of farmers facilitator / Scout one at every 100 ha area. Weekly report about occurrence of insect, pest & diseases by farmers facilitator / Scout under his area. Monitoring by ADO’s at block level (1000 ha) area. Constitution of Disaster Management Group at district level. To keep surveillance on insect pest and diseases infestation in pulses and oilseed crops following arrangement may be made on the pattern of NFSM – A3P Pulses programme. 38

Strategy for enhancing Cost Benefit Ratio in Pulses and Oilseeds for making crops more profitable Selection of area specific suitable crop variety. Use of higher yield potential crop varieties. Use of INM and IPM to increase productivity. To ensure one or two irrigation at critical growth stages. Proper marketing facility to fetch higher profitability in local market. Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed innoculation. 39

Innovative technology to be taken at farmers field during Rabi Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed inoculation. Use of Sulphur at 20kgs/ha. Use of raingun to provide irrigation at critical growth stages. Incentive to farmers for INM/IPM. Incentive for farm mechanization. 40

Future Research Thrusts Yield enhancement with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses Developing varieties suitable for different seasons/ situations Hybrid development and seed production technology Biotechnological approaches 41

Road Map for Oilseed & Pulses Sector  Expand oilseed and Pulses area Rice fallows and non-traditional areas Intercropping Crop diversification  Effective technology dissemination for enhancing productivity Quality seed of improved varieties Balanced crop nutrition Protective irrigation Effective crop management Integrated pest management  Provide favorable policy back up Decontrol of traditional oilseeds and Pulses from small scale sector to enhance efficiency of processing Effective market interventions Favourable trade policy 42

Improving Production and Productivity of Oilseeds & Pulses in India Favourable Policy Framework (Processing, Marketing, Trade) Area Expansion Replacing non-remunerative crops Rice fallows Intercropping Problem areas Contingency plans Water scarce situations Value addition as an incentive Diversification in Rice-Wheat System Productivity Improvement Quality seed Protective irrigation Increased fertilizer use (major, secondary and micro nutrients) Farm mechanisation Efficient crop management Effective technology transfer Over coming biotic/abiotic stresses through novel approaches (long-term) 43

A3P unit of Rabi pulses demonstration in each NFSM (Pulses) district. Govt. of India is requested to include the state in oilseed programme. Increase of allocation under pulses (NFSM – Pulses) programme. Issues for consideration 44

THANK YOU 45