Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

Essential Question Discuss the following questions with your neighbors and be prepared to share with the class: Do different ethnic groups in your community get along? Why? How does this affect your community as a whole?

Section 1 The Scramble for Africa Africa Before European Domination Armies, rivers, disease discourage exploration Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians reach interior of Africa Read the handout about David Livingstone and answer the questions in your group. Do not copy questions, just answer them in complete sentences. Imperialism: seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

Forces Driving Imperialism National Pride spurs desire for colonies Desire for new markets & raw materials White Man’s Burden Euros believed it was their responsibility to civilize the world Motivated by Racism and Social Darwinism Factors allowing Euro conquest of Afr Technology: steam engine, Maxim gun Medicine: Quinine protects Euros from malaria Afrs divided by language and culture(divide & conquer) Racism: belief that one race is better than others Social Darwinism: natural selection applied to human society

In your group, answer the following questions and be prepared to share with the class: What time period is this? Who is this? What Continent is this? What is he doing? What two countries is he standing on? What does this show about Europe’s attitude towards Africa? Which of the following phrases best describes this cartoon? Explain your answer. “European faith in progress” “European arrogance” “European idealism” “European overconfidence”

The Division of Africa Discovery of gold and diamonds increases interest in colonization Berlin Conference Prevent Euro countries from fighting over Afr Euro countries must claim land and prove ability to control it Divided Afr into colonies w/o consulting Afr leaders By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are independent Raw materials are greatest source of wealth in Afr Euro businesses develop cash-crop plantations Causes inadequate food supplies for Afr Berlin Conference: 14 Euro nations agree on rules for dividing Africa(1884-85 Cash Crops: crops that are grown as raw materials, not as food

3 Groups Clash over South Africa Zulus Shaka –Zulu chief; creates centralized state around 1816 Brits defeat Zulus and gain control of Zulu nation in 1887 Boers Dutch farmers, take Afr’s land, establish large farms Boers & Brits fight over land, slaves The Boer War Boers blame Brits for starting “outsider” rebellion Brits win; Boer republics united in Union of South Africa Great Trek: Boers move north to escape Brits

The Scramble for Africa Use your book/notebook to answer questions about Imperialism in Africa What were the 3 motives behind the Euros race for colonies? Economic competition for markets & raw materials; national pride’ racism; missionaries desire to Christianize and “civilize” non-Euro ppl What 2technological advantages did Euros have over Afrs Superior weapons; railroads and steam ships; quinine to protect from malaria What 2 factors within Afr made it vulnerable to Euro conquest? Afr great diversity of languages and cultures; ethnic rivalries; lower level of technology/weapons What are 2 outcomes of the Berlin Conference? Agreement on how to divide Afr among Euro nations; distribution of Afr ethnic groups among Euro nations; transformation of the way of life of Afrs What 3 groups clashed over territory in S. Afr? Zulus; Boers; Brits What was 1 outcome of the Boer War? Creation of self-governing Union of South Africa controlled by Brits