1 Study of Biology copyright cmassengale

2 What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals copyright cmassengale

3 All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Basic Unit is the Cell 2. All living things MUST Reproduce 3. All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) 4. Must be able to Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale

4 Common Characteristics 5. Obtain & Use Materials & Energy (Metabolism) 6. Must Respond To Their Environment in order to maintain Homeostasis: a stable internal environment. 7. AS A GROUP, Living Things EVOLVE and make ADAPTATIONS copyright cmassengale

5 All Organisms are made of Cells copyright cmassengale

Facts About Cells Cells are the smallest functional unit of life Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs copyright cmassengale 6

7 Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Organisms Unicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell Multicellular Organisms Multicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells copyright cmassengale

8 Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits copyright cmassengale

9 Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring are DIFFERENT from parents…WHY? copyright cmassengale

10 Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring are IDENTICAL to parent…CLONE. copyright cmassengale

11 Cells Have a Genetic Code copyright cmassengale

12 Genetic Code DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms All organisms contain DNA DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work copyright cmassengale

13 Organisms Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale

14 Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism copyright cmassengale

15 Cells Require Food & Energy copyright cmassengale

16 Metabolism Sum (total) of all the chemical processes in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy for all life on Earth copyright cmassengale

17 Organisms Respond to Stimuli Organisms respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) in order to survive & reproduce copyright cmassengale

18 Homeostasis Keeping the internal environment (Homeostasis) of the Cell or Organism within the ranges required for life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc. copyright cmassengale

19 Living Things Evolve Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) change over time in order to survive within changing environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms. copyright cmassengale

20 Life is Organized on Several Levels copyright cmassengale

21 Levels AtomsMoleculesOrganelles Cells – life starts here TissuesOrgansSystemOrganism copyright cmassengale

22 Levels PopulationCommunityEcosystemBiosphere copyright cmassengale

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