Chapter 15: Immigrants and Urbanization By: Henry, Eric, Jess, Jade, Meghan, Melinda, Shantel, Little Italy

The New Immigrants Europeans Religion. Population. Chinese and Japanese gold rush. railroads. The West Indies and Mexico Jobs.

14 year old immigrant American dream Worked menial jobs Bought a business Was not satisfied Fong See

Life in the New Land Was a long, hard trip to America Ellis Island- main entry for European immigrants Had to pass health and governmental inspections 17,000,000 immigrants passed through Ellis Island Angel Island- Asian entry area to U.S. In U.S., immigrants stayed by each other

Johnny Weissmuller Born in Timisoara, Romania Came to America on S.S. Rotterdam Arrived in New York on January 26, 1905 Won five Olympic Gold medals in swimming Was actor in Tarzan Movies – Set 67 world records

Benjamin Harrison 23 President First to conduct "front-porch" campaigns “Little Ben” First Pan American Congress Tariff Issue Party leaders abandoned President Harrison

Immigration Restrictions Strong feelings emerged due to moving Nativism led to anti immigration groups Bill passes for literacy test for immigrants Jobs go to Chinese Gentleman's agreement Immigrations closed except Asians

Grover Cleveland Born in New Jersey Elected President 1884 Re-elected in 1992 Lost popularity in own party Congress didn’t back

Urbanization Cities had bad living conditions. Industrial jobs. Americanization Movement. Assimilate immigrants. Inventions sped up urbanization.

Jacob Riis Denmark immigrant 1873 New York news Photo –journalism Poverty Inform and make a difference

Urban Problems Overcrowded, unsanitary tenements New standards = worse living conditions Bad water Scavengers and sewer lines Big city fires

Jane Admas September 6, 1880 Wealthy family Europe Toynbee House 1889-Hull House Educational, Cultural, Social services

Reformers Mobilize Social Gospel Movement Settlement Houses Charles Stover, Stanton Coit-NY Janie Porter Barrett-Locust Street Social Settlement Social responsibility toward poor

Me! Came From china Live in New York City Wear nice clothes I am single

Political Machine and Scandal Political Machine – Precinct Captains, Ward Bosses, City Boss Helped immigrants Fraud and Graft William M. Tweed – Thomas Nast

James A. Garfield November 19, 1831 – September 19, th President Assassinated four months after his inauguration (second shortest president) Republican Ohio Congressman Reformer Shot by a mentally unbalanced lawyer named Charles Guiteau that wanted vice president Arthur to govern.

Problem of Patronage (Spoils System). Reformers push for a merit system of hiring in civil service. Progress with republican presidents Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield (assassinated) and Chester A. Arthur. Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883: bipartisan civil service commission makes appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates’ performance on an examination.

Strong Alliance between government and business. Big business and Republican want to raise tariffs. Democratic Party wants to lower tariff (and prices). Attempt to reduce tariffs fails (Cleveland), but spirit of reform is still alive.