Chapter 4 Section 3 Objective 1.03 – assess commercial & diplomatic relationships with other nations

Marbury v Madison  Judiciary Act of 1801 – allowed creation of 16 new justices on circuit courts and when a vacancy occurred in the Supreme Court that vacancy would not be filled moving the number of justices from 6 to 5.  “Midnight Judges” – the 16 new judges Adams signed into office the last night as president – William Marbury was one of them  James Madison – new secretary of state for Pres. Jefferson  John Marshall – Chief Justice – Federalist  Judicial Review – Supreme Court may declare laws unconstitutional – giving it a check on the other branches making it equal to them.

Jefferson & the Barbary Pirates  Barbary Pirates ruled the North African coast  US paid bribe of $1 Million to ruler of Algiers.  Tripoli declared war on the US, Jefferson sent the “Mosquito Fleet” to Mediterranean—1 st foreign military conflict.  US threatened a coup in Tripoli.  US ended any tribute to Barbary Pirates

Jefferson and Foreign Affairs  1800 Spain gives Louisiana territory back to France.  France now controlled lower Mississippi River.  US might have to make alliance with Britain (Jefferson despised this idea).

*The Louisiana Purchase 11803 RRobert Livingston – sent to buy Louisiana from France $$15 million = $1/acre DDoubled the US size JJefferson was faced with a dilemma: didn’t believe he had the constitutional power to buy territory but the offer was too good to refuse PPreservation of the republic through peaceful expansion

The Louisiana Purchase 1790 Map of the US

The Louisiana Purchase 1803 Map of the US

Lewis & Clark Expedition  Meriwether Lewis & William Clark  Sent by Jefferson to explore the new territory and discover a passable way to the Pacific  Sacajawea – Shoshone Indian girl used to guide and interpret  1804 – Corps of Discovery  Gave the US a claim to Oregon

Lewis & Clark Expedition

Effects  Pike’s Expedition – Another expedition led to explore Texas & Colorado – found Pike’s Peak  Essex Junto – group of Federalists who wanted New England to secede from the Union – led by Vice President Burr

Foreign Policy  1805  France & Britain at war (again)  Impressments – British capturing US sailors & forcing them to fight for the British  Napoleon & France gaining control of Europe  Both nations began making decrees against trade thereby almost ending US trade & hurting the economy  Jefferson wanted to remain neutral  Embargo of 1807 – banned all trade between the US & with Europe  It ruined the American economy grinding it to a halt

“OGRABME”--- Reaction in the US to the EMBARGO ACT OF 1807 REPEALED IN 1809