Create Cornell Notes based on the following slides about Epidemics and Pandemics. You do NOT need to write down everything for each of the 10 worst epidemics/pandemics of our time! Write the name of the disease and 1 fact about that outbreak.

Epidemics & Pandemics http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20090501friday.html

What’s the difference? An epidemic occurs when a disease affects a large number of people within a given population, such as a city or geographic region. A disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is "expected." Ex. Typhoid, outbreaks within schools or hospitals.

If an epidemic affects even greater numbers and a wider area, these outbreaks become pandemics. An outbreak of an infectious disease across an entire country (or more); an epidemic over a wide geographic area and affecting a large proportion of the population. Ex. HIV/AIDS, Malaria, & Smallpox

Make the following t-chart in your notes Epidemics Pandemics List each outbreak (of the 10 following slides) as either an epidemic or pandemic

10 worst epidemics and Pandemics of our time 10. Smallpox – early 1500s Caused by the variola virus Spread through direct contact with an infected person’s skin, but can also be spread through the air in close, confined spaces. The Americas were home to an estimated 100 million native people. During the centuries that followed, epidemic diseases decreased that number to somewhere between 5 and 10 million. Pandemic

9. Influenza - 1918 Global estimates range between 50 and 100 million fatalities [source: NPR ]. The flu of 1918 wasn't the typical influenza virus we encounter every year. This was a new strain of flu microbe, the H1N1 avian influenza A virus.  Human immune systems were not prepared for this new strain of virus. Pandemic

8. The black death - 1348 Killed half of Europe's population in 1348 and also decimated parts of China and India. Was thought to be traveling in its bubonic form on the fleas of rats and through the air in its pneumonic form. Some scientists now argue the Black Death may have been a hemorrhagic virus similar to ebola. This form of illness results in massive blood loss. First true pandemic disease

7. malaria Malaria is caused by four species of Plasmodium microbes common to two species: mosquitoes and humans. When infected mosquitoes feed on human blood, they pass on the microbes. Once in the blood, the microbes grow inside red blood cells, destroying them in the process. In the American Civil War alone, 1,316,000 men reportedly suffered from the illness and 10,000 died. Epidemic

6. Tuberculosis – 1600s Beginning in the 1600s, what was known as the Great White Plague raged for 200 years in Europe, killing approximately one out of every seven infected people. TB was a constant problem in colonial America. Even at the close of the 19th century, 10 percent of all U.S. deaths were attributed to tuberculosis Pandemic – tell Core 1 & 2!!!

5. Cholera – 1800s In the 19th century, traders inadvertently exported the deadly virus back to cities in China, Japan, North Africa, the Middle East and Europe. Millions were killed. Humans can contract the bacterium through close physical contact, but cholera mainly spreads though contaminated water and food. Pandemic

4. Aids – 1980’s to present The emergence of AIDS in the 1980s has killed an estimated 25 million people since 1981. According to recent statistics, 33.2 million people are currently HIV-positive, and 2.1 million people died of AIDS in 2007 alone HIV becomes AIDS if the immune system breaks down severely enough. Pandemic

3. Yellow fever When Europeans began importing African slaves to the Americas, they also brought over a number of new diseases, including yellow fever. This illness, also known as "yellow jack," ripped through the colonies, decimating farms and even major cities. When French emperor Napoleon sent an army of 33,000 to French landholdings in North America, yellow fever killed 29,000 of those soldiers. Epidemic

2. typhus The disease plagued humankind for centuries, inflicting deaths by the thousands. Given its frequency among encamped armies, it was often dubbed "camp fever" or "war fever." During the course of Europe's Thirty Years War (1618-1648), typhus, plague and starvation claimed an estimated 10 million people. Improved treatment methods and sanitary conditions greatly reduced typhus' impact in modern times. Epidemic

1. polio As recently as 1952, there were an estimated 58,000 cases of polio in the United States alone -- one-third of the patients were paralyzed. Of these cases, more than 3,000 died. Cases in the U.S. and developed nations dropped dramatically, and only a handful of developing nations still experience polio at such levels. Epidemic

Venn diagram/TOP HAT Epidemic vs. Pandemic Put the following on your diagram! An outbreak of a disease that effects people in the same population, community, or region at the same time An outbreak of an infectious disease that is spreading through the human population in large numbers and across a large region, continent or even worldwide. Using your Cornell notes, include examples of each. Using your brain, list commonalities of each.

K-W-L CHART Label the chart “Pandemic Panic” Fill out the “Know” column with your table partner. Things to think about! What do you know about viruses? How they spread? How they multiply? How can I catch the virus? How can I avoid getting the virus? What is good hand washing? Do face masks help curtail the spread of the illness? What are the symptoms of the “swine flu”?