C LIMATE C HANGE : D OES M EMORY IN CORAL DICTATE FITNESS IN A CHANGING WORLD ? 1 Kevin B. Strychar & 2 Paul W. Sammarco 1 Annis Water Resources Institute of Grand Valley State University, Michigan, USA 2 Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON), 8124 Hwy. 56, Chauvin, LA 70344, USA
Introduction: Climate change USGCRP 2009
Introduction: impact on organisms By far the greatest impact from global warming has been in the seas and oceans, where changes in heat content, oxygen levels and other biogeochemical properties have devastated marine ecosystems. Globally, the average body size of fish has declined by up to 24 per cent compared with About half of this shrinkage has come from changes in distribution and abundance, the remainder from changes in physiology. The tropics have been the worst affected regions. ( Dengue Virus Dengue virus
Introduction: coral lyon.fr/ressources/bibliographies/m biosci-reviews-fournier-a-1c-m.xml&h=1497&w=2188&tbnid=S0C8ZocgyFO5VM:&zoom=1&docid=n9t9J0zCQ0_scM&ei=-_iEVZ_5C4KfoQSxkKvADw&tbm=isch&ved=0CCIQMygGMAY
Introduction: coral
Introduction: coral phagocytes Tahseen, 2009
Hypotheses 1. Too many symbionts? 2. No symbionts? Better heat resistance Better disease resistance Better fitness 3. Hard vs. Soft vs. Gorgonian
Coral immune systems Types of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) = PCD Apoptosis Autophagic Caspase-independent Anolkis Aponecrosis Apoptosis – Aponecrosis - Necrosis programmed traumatic
Complement
Complement components? jpg%253Fcb%253D &imgrefurl= HoUuM&ei=S_SEVcGLIMHxoATy6YCQBA&tbm=isch&ved=0CEYQMygiMCI
Stylophora pistillata; Allorecognition
Allorecognition
Self vs. not-self Boehm, T Quality control in Self/nonself discrimination. Cell. 125: doi: /j.cell
Memory?
Summary Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates and the black hole of knowledge regarding invertebrate immune responses. Coral Toll, DSCAM, Caspases, Others? ??Possibly jpg%253Fcb%253D &imgrefurl= 9oHAm8TmDM:&zoom=1&docid=Z2XdAaj4MHcj6M&ei=q_uEVcncHYryoATzz4PQAw&tbm=isch&ved=0CEEQMygdMB0
Results Fluorescent conjugates 1.Apoptosis and Necrosis; 2.Phagocytosis fluorometric assays; 3.Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) probes: FLS2 - flagellin protein in bacteria Swarming? Montastraea cavernosa 28°C 34°C 28°C 34°C Number of Beads Temperature (°C) Montastraea cavernosa Sarcophyton ehrenbergi beads FLS2 beads
Results Fluorescent conjugates 1.Apoptosis and Necrosis; 2.Phagocytosis fluorometric assays; 3.Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) probes: FLS2 4.Caspases Hard Soft
Summary Tuffery, 2010
Questions?
Methods
Annexin V PI 34 C Apoptotic
Results Time (h) Percent (%) of cells in-situ Viable Cells
Results Necrotic cells Percent (%) of cells in-situ Time (h) 36912
Results Apoptotic Cells Percent (%) of cells in-situ Time (h)
Results 28 C 30 C B 32 C Normal mid-apoptotic C 32 C Normal mid-necrotic D 34 C Apoptotic 34 C Necrotic Apoptosis of Symbiodinium from host Acropora hyacinthus E F A
Results Apoptosis of host Acropora hyacinthus
Summary “Trogocytosis”: The signaling molecules released by one cell act on neighboring target cells (plasma membrane-like transmitters). - e.g. CDKs – cell dependent kinases Next step: in progress
Methods
34 C Apoptotic
Methods Fluorescent conjugates 1.Apoptosis and Necrosis; 2.Phagocytosis fluorometric assays; 3.Pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) probes: FLS2 4.Caspases
Results Fluorescent conjugates 1.Apoptosis and Necrosis; Apoptosis of Symbiodinium from host Acropora hyacinthus 28 C 34 C Apoptotic 34 C Necrotic B C A
Results Fluorescent conjugates 1.Apoptosis and Necrosis; Apoptosis of host Acropora hyacinthus
Results Fluorescent conjugates 1.Apoptosis and Necrosis; 2.Phagocytosis fluorometric assays; Clarke and Maddera, 2006; bar = 5 um 10 um
Self vs not-self Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 07 January 2015 |