1. The Regulation of Cell Death: APOPTOSIS
Presented by:
Jesse Kemp

2. Introduction and Overview
Death Due to External Source or Injury vs.
Death by Committing Suicide
Why Is There a Need For This Type of Pathway?
Causes of Apoptosis
Mechanism of Apoptosis

3. Death by External Source or Injury
Toxin Damage
Mechanical Damage
Uncontrolled Swelling
Leakage of Cell Contents
Resulting Inflammation of Surrounding Tissue

4. Death by Committing Suicide
While committing suicide cells:
Shrink
Chromatin Degraded
Mitochondria Break Down
Break into Membrane-bound Fragments
Phosphatidylserine Exposed
Phagocytic Receptors
Inflammation Inhibition

5. Purpose for this Pathway!
Apoptosis is needed for:
Proper Development of the Organism
ex) Formation of Fingers and Toes
ex) Resorption of the Tadpole Tail during Metamorphosis
Destruction of Cells that Pose a Potential Threat to the Organism
ex) Cells Infected with Viruses
ex) Cells of the Immune System
ex) Cancerous Cells

6. Balancing Act
Within Every Organism, there is a Continual Battle Fought Between the Withdraw of Positive Signals and the Receipt of Negative Signals
Positive Signals
Negative Signals

7. Mechanism of Apoptosis
3 Different Pathways
Internal (Mitochondrial) Pathway
External (Death Receptor) Pathway
Non-Caspase Pathway

8. Internal (Mitochondrial) Pathway

9. Alternate Pathways External Pathway (Death Receptor)
Fas and TNF Receptor
Death Activator (FasL)
Caspase 8
Phagocytosis
Ex) Cytotoxic T Cells
Non-Caspase Pathway
AIF
Released from Mitochondria
Migration to the Nucleus
DNA Binding

10. Conclusion Sources of Cell Death Need for the Apoptosis Pathways
Causes of Apoptosis
Mechanisms of Apoptosis

11. ??QUESTIONS??