1. Chapter 43
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

2. What you must know: Several elements of an innate immune response
The differences between B and T cells relative to their activation and actions.
How antigens are recognized by immune system cells
The differences in humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Why Helper T cells are central to immune responses

3. Types of Immunity Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity (Acquired)
________________
All _________& _______________
_________________
Only in ___________
Involves B and T cells

4. Plant Defenses Nonspecific responses
Receptors recognize __________________ molecules and trigger _________________responses
Thicken cell wall, produce antimicrobial compounds, cell death
Localize effects

5. Pathogens (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses)
Figure 43.2
Pathogens (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses)
INNATE IMMUNITY (all animals)
Barrier defenses:
___________ Mucous __________ Secretions
Recognition of traits shared by ___________ranges of pathogens, using a small set of receptors •
_____________defenses:
Phagocytic cells Natural killer cells Antimicrobial __________ ______________response
• _____________response
Figure 43.2 Overview of animal immunity.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY (vertebrates only)
Humoral response:
____________defend against infection in body fluids.
Recognition of traits ____________to particular pathogens, using a vast array of receptors •
Cell-mediated response:
_______________cells defend against infection in body cells.
• ______________response

6. Innate Immunity Antimicrobial Proteins: _______________ Defenses:
_________________ (inhibit __________ reproduction)
Complement system (~30 proteins, membrane attack complex)
_______________ Defenses:
Skin
Mucous membranes
________________ (tears, saliva, mucus)
Innate Immunity
(non-specific)
_________ Killer Cells:
________-infected and ________cells
Inflammatory Response:
_________________ release __________________
Blood vessels dilate, increase permeability (redness, swelling)
Deliver clotting agents, phagocytic cells
Fever
Phagocytic WBCs:
Neutrophils (engulf)
____________________ (“big eaters”)
Eosinophils (parasites)
Dendritic cells (adaptive response)

7. Phagocytosis

8. Inflammatory Response

9. Lymphatic System: involved in adaptive immunity

10. Adaptive Response
____________________ (WBCs): produced by stem cells in ____________________
__cells: mature in ________
helper T
cytotoxic T
__cells: stay and mature in _____________________
plasma cells  antibodies

11. _____________: substance that elicits lymphocyte response
_______________(immunoglobulin – Ig): ___________made by ___ cell that binds to antigens

12. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
__________________displayed on cell surface
Responsible for tissue/organ rejection (“self” vs. “non-self”)
________________cells bind to MHC molecule in adaptive response
Class I: _____body cells (except RBCs)
Class II: displayed by ___________cells; “non-self”

13. Cell-Mediated Immune Response Humoral Immune Response
Antigen-presenting cell
Cell-Mediated Immune Response
(T Cells)
Humoral Immune Response
(antibodies)
Helper T cell
B cell
Cytotoxic T cell
Plasma cell
tag for destruction
Identify and destroy
Infected cell
Antibodies
Video

14. Immunological Memory Primary immune response: ____ exposure to antigen
Memory cells:
Secondary immune response: repeat exposure  ___________, _______________response

15. B cells that differ in antigen specificity Antigen Antigen receptor
Figure 43.14
B cells that differ in antigen specificity
Antigen
Antigen receptor
Figure Clonal selection.
Antibody
Memory cells
Plasma cells

18. Antibody Structure

19. ______________immunity: via ___________ in breast milk
________________________________: induce immune memory to nonpathogenic microbe or toxin
______________immunity: via ___________ in breast milk
Allergies: _____________________responses to _________________antigens
___________________ Diseases:
Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis
HIV: infect ____________________ cells
________= severely weakened immune system