Energy Resources

Vocabulary – “Fossil Fuels” (Chapter 5 – Section 1) Energy Transformation Combustion Fossil Fuels Hydrocarbon Coal Petroleum/Oil Refinery Petrochemical Natural Gas

Fuel Definition: Examples: Energy Transformation Combustion

Production of Electricity (p. 159)

Percent of Total Energy Skills Activity (p. 160) Percent of Total Energy End Use of Energy Transportation Industry Homes and Businesses 26.5 % 38.1 % 35.4 %

At-Home Activity (p. 164) What fuel source is used in your home? In other words, how is your home cooled and heated.

Fossil Fuels. Definition:. Types:. 1. 2. 3 Fossil Fuels Definition: Types: 1. 2. 3. ***Non Renewable Resource Hydrocarbon Definition:

1. Coal (solid, most plentiful Fossil Fuel) Formation: (Plant-Peat-Coal) Begins as decomposing plant matter (swamp plants die and build up) Plants become PEAT (can be burned-not as efficient as coal) Peat becomes Coal (lots of pressure/years and lots of energy) Advantages: Once found, can be mined and easily transported (23% of fuel in US-mainly electrical plants) Disadvantages: Danger of mining, increases erosion, water pollution from runoff, air pollution from burning

Advantages vs. Disadvantages ??? Coal Advantages vs. Disadvantages ???

Coal Formation (p. 161)

Oil (Petroleum) Advantages vs. Disadvantages ??? Refinery Definition: Petrochemicals Examples:

Oil Production (p. 162) Crude oil is first pumped out of the ground and then refined. In the refining process, crude oil is heated and separated to make different products.

Advantages vs. Disadvantages ??? Natural Gas Advantages vs. Disadvantages ???

Fuels and Electricity The circle graph shows which energy sources are used to produce electricity in the United States.

Reading Graphs: What does each wedge of the circle represent? The percentage of total U.S. electricity that is produced using the labeled energy source

Interpreting Data: Which energy source is used to generate most of the electricity in the United States? Coal

Drawing Conclusions: What percentage of the electricity production in the United States relies on fossil fuels? 70.8% (59.3% coal, 9.3% natural gas, 2.2% petroleum)

Predicting: How might the circle graph differ 50 years from now? Give reasons to support your prediction. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas might decrease because they are in limited supply; nuclear and hydroelectric energy sources might increase to replace fossil fuels.

Key Concepts When fuels are burned, the chemical energy that is released can be used to generate another form of energy, such as heat, light, motion or electricity. The 3 major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. Since fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources.

Target Reading Skill (p. 158) Building Vocabulary: Using a word in a sentence helps you think about how best to explain the word. After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain Vocabulary words. Use the information you have learned to write a meaningful sentence using each word.

Building Vocabulary Key Terms: Examples: Key Terms: Examples: petrochemicals Petrochemicals, which are also made from oil, are used to make medicines, plastics, paints, and cosmetics. Key Terms: Examples: energy transformation combustion fuel An example of energy transformation is combustion, when a fuel is burned and chemical energy is released. petroleum fossil fuels hydrocarbons Oil, also called petroleum, is one of the fossil fuels, which are made up of energy-rich hydrocarbons. refinery Many products that come from oil are produced in a refinery, where oil is heated and separated.