Respiratory System 呼吸系统

The General Description Composition Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi

Section 1 The Nose 鼻 I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi II.Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by the nasal septum Little region

Section 1 The Nose 鼻 I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi II.Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by the nasal septum Little region

Two parts: Nasal vestibule Proper nasal cavity 固有鼻腔 Lateral wall 鼻前庭 Proper nasal cavity 固有鼻腔 Lateral wall Nasal conchae 鼻甲 Nasal meatus 鼻道 Sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝

Remove the middle nasal conchae Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗 Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 Nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管

Mucous membrane of nose Olfactory region嗅区 Respiratory region 呼吸区

III.The paranasal sinuses and their site of drainage into the nose Frontal sinus 额窦 Ethmoidal sinuses 筛窦 Sphenoid sinus 蝶窦 Maxillary sinus 上颌窦

Section 2 The Larynx 喉 Position－situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6

I.Layngeal cartilages (I)Thyroid cartilage甲状软骨 Shield-shaped cartilage Laryngeal prominence (II)Cricoid cartilage环状软骨 Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring)

(III)Arytenoid杓状软骨 Paired, pyramid shaped (IV)Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨 leaf-shaped elastic cartilage

喉软骨

II.Laryngeal joints Thyrohyroid membrane 甲状舌骨膜 cricothyroid joint 环甲关节 cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节

Quadrangular membrane 方形膜 Conus elasticus弹性圆锥 vocal ligament Median cricothyroid ligment Cricotracheal ligament 环气管韧带

III.Muscles of larynx IV .Laryngeal cavity (I)Aperture of larynx喉口 bounded by upper border epiglottic cartilage, aryepiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch

Structure features Two folds : Two fissures Vestibular folds Vocal folds Two fissures Rima vestibulithe Fissure of glottis Intermembranous part Intercartilagrnous part

(II)Three parts Laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭 Intermedial cavity of larynx喉中间腔 Ventricle of larynx Infraglottic cavity 声门下腔

Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi I.Trachea Position Structure features Consists of about 16－20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages Carina of trachea

Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi I.Trachea Position Structure features Consists of about 16－20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages Carina of trachea

II.Bronchi支气管 Right principal bronchus Shorter, wider, and more vertical Left principal bronchus Narrower, longer, and more horizontal

Section 4 The Lungs肺 Position General features Cone-shaped An Apex of lung A Base of lung Three surfaces Three borders

From before backward: V.A.B. From above downward: Medial surface Hilum of lung Root of lung Order of structures From before backward: V.A.B. From above downward: R.－B. A. V. L.－A. B. V.

Lobes and Fissure Right lung Left lung Two fissures : horizontal and oblique Three lobes Left lung One fissure : oblique Two lobes

III. The Bronchial tree IV .Bronchopulmonary segments

Section 5 The Pleura 胸膜 General features Serous membranes forming closed sacs Two layers Visceral pleura－adheres to lung Parietal pleura－lines the thoracic cavity

Contains a small amount of pleural fluid Subatmospheric pressure in it pleural cavity: Two pleural layers continue with each other at root of lung formed a closed potential space Contains a small amount of pleural fluid Subatmospheric pressure in it

Named parts of parietal pleura Cupula of pleura Costal pleura Mediastinal pleura Diaphragmatic pleura

Costodiaphragmatic recesse 肋膈隐窝 They are the slit-like Pleura recesses胸膜隐窝 Costodiaphragmatic recesse 肋膈隐窝 They are the slit-like intervals and the lowest points of pleural cavities Costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝

The surface projection of lower border of lung and pleurae Midclavicular lines Midaxillary lines Sides of the vertebral column Lungs 6th rib 8th rib 10th rib Pleura 12th rib

Section 6 The mediastinum 1.Definition 2.Divisions