1. Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Exercise 39
Anatomy of the Respiratory System

2. Upper respiratory system structures

3. Upper respiratory system structures
Nose
External nares
Nasal cavity
Nasal septum
Nasal conchae
Superior, middle, inferior
Air turbulence

4. Upper respiratory system structures

5. Upper respiratory system structures
Meatus
Superior
Middle
Inferior
Function of the nose
Warm the air
Moister the air
Filter the air

6. Upper respiratory system structures
Olfactory receptors
Paranasal sinuses
Maxillary
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal

7. Upper respiratory system structures
Function of the paranasal sinuses
Resonance of the air
Warm the air
Moister the air
Palate
Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
Soft, hard
Cleft palate

8. Upper respiratory system structures
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Above the soft palate
Internal nares
1 Pharyngeal tonsil
Pharyngotympanic tubes
Otites media

9. Upper respiratory system structures
Oropharynx
From the soft palate to the epiglotis
Carries food and air
2 Palatine tonsils
2 Lingual tonsils
Laryngopharynx
Posterior and inferior to the epiglotis

10. Upper respiratory system structures
Larynx
1 thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal prominence
1 cricoid cartilage
2 cuneiform cartilages
2 corniculate cartilages
2 arytenoid cartilages

11. Upper respiratory system structures
1 epiglottis cartilage (elastic cartilage)
Vestibular folds
Vocal ligaments or vocal cords
Glottis

12. Upper respiratory system structures

13. Lower respiratory system structures
Trachea
From the larynx to the sternal angle
Tracheal cartilages
C-shaped
incomplete

14. Lower respiratory system structures
Microscopic anatomy
Lumen
Respiratory epithelium (mucous membrane)
Pseudostratified columnar
Cilia
Goblet cells

15. Lower respiratory system structures
Submucosa
Seromucous glands
Smooth muscle
Cartilage
Adventitia

16. Lower respiratory system structures
Bronchus
Primary
Right is wider, shorter, more vertical
Left
Carina
Secondary
Lung hilus

17. Lower respiratory system structures

18. Lower respiratory system structures
Tertiary….
Bronchioles (no cartilage)
Terminal
Respiratory
Microscopic anatomy of bronchi
Lumen
Respiratory epithelium
Smooth muscle
Hyaline cartilage

19. Respiratory Zone

20. Lower respiratory system structures
Alveolar sac
Alveolar duct
Alveoli
Simple squamous epithelium
Air-blood barrier (respiratory membrane)
Capillary wall
Alveoli wall

21. Lower respiratory system structures
Respiratory zone structures
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Conducting zone structures
All the other respiratory structures
Anatomical dead space

22. Lower respiratory system structures
Lungs
Apex
Base
Root
Connection with mediastinum
Hilus
Costal surface
Cardiac notch (left lung)

23. Lower respiratory system structures
Lobes
3 on the right
2 on the left
Fissures
Right lung
Horizontal and oblique
Left lung
Oblique

24. Lower respiratory system structures
Pleura
Visceral
Parietal
Pleural cavity
Pleural fluid

25. Microscopic Structures
Trachea
Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Goblet cells
Lamina propria
Hyaline cartilage

26. Microscopic Structures
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Lungs
Alveolar sacs
Alveolus

27. Cat Structures to be identified
Trachea
Thyroid cartilage
Primary bronchi
Right
Left
Secondary bronchi
Lungs