Anatomy of the Respiratory System Exercise 39 Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Upper respiratory system structures

Upper respiratory system structures Nose External nares Nasal cavity Nasal septum Nasal conchae Superior, middle, inferior Air turbulence

Upper respiratory system structures

Upper respiratory system structures Meatus Superior Middle Inferior Function of the nose Warm the air Moister the air Filter the air

Upper respiratory system structures Olfactory receptors Paranasal sinuses Maxillary Frontal Ethmoidal Sphenoidal

Upper respiratory system structures Function of the paranasal sinuses Resonance of the air Warm the air Moister the air Palate Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity Soft, hard Cleft palate

Upper respiratory system structures Oral cavity Pharynx Nasopharynx Above the soft palate Internal nares 1 Pharyngeal tonsil Pharyngotympanic tubes Otites media

Upper respiratory system structures Oropharynx From the soft palate to the epiglotis Carries food and air 2 Palatine tonsils 2 Lingual tonsils Laryngopharynx Posterior and inferior to the epiglotis

Upper respiratory system structures Larynx 1 thyroid cartilage Laryngeal prominence 1 cricoid cartilage 2 cuneiform cartilages 2 corniculate cartilages 2 arytenoid cartilages

Upper respiratory system structures 1 epiglottis cartilage (elastic cartilage) Vestibular folds Vocal ligaments or vocal cords Glottis

Upper respiratory system structures

Lower respiratory system structures Trachea From the larynx to the sternal angle Tracheal cartilages C-shaped incomplete

Lower respiratory system structures Microscopic anatomy Lumen Respiratory epithelium (mucous membrane) Pseudostratified columnar Cilia Goblet cells

Lower respiratory system structures Submucosa Seromucous glands Smooth muscle Cartilage Adventitia

Lower respiratory system structures Bronchus Primary Right is wider, shorter, more vertical Left Carina Secondary Lung hilus

Lower respiratory system structures

Lower respiratory system structures Tertiary…. Bronchioles (no cartilage) Terminal Respiratory Microscopic anatomy of bronchi Lumen Respiratory epithelium Smooth muscle Hyaline cartilage

Respiratory Zone

Lower respiratory system structures Alveolar sac Alveolar duct Alveoli Simple squamous epithelium Air-blood barrier (respiratory membrane) Capillary wall Alveoli wall

Lower respiratory system structures Respiratory zone structures Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Conducting zone structures All the other respiratory structures Anatomical dead space

Lower respiratory system structures Lungs Apex Base Root Connection with mediastinum Hilus Costal surface Cardiac notch (left lung)

Lower respiratory system structures Lobes 3 on the right 2 on the left Fissures Right lung Horizontal and oblique Left lung Oblique

Lower respiratory system structures Pleura Visceral Parietal Pleural cavity Pleural fluid

Microscopic Structures Trachea Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium Goblet cells Lamina propria Hyaline cartilage

Microscopic Structures Bronchus Bronchioles Lungs Alveolar sacs Alveolus

Cat Structures to be identified Trachea Thyroid cartilage Primary bronchi Right Left Secondary bronchi Lungs