A DISCUSSION AROUND POTENTIAL FOR DISTRICT SYSTEMS IN THE CITY OF CAPE TOWN Spatial Planning and Urban Design : Marco Geretto

Legacy of apartheid planning - low densities, segregation and inequality

Mild Mediterranean climate with high levels of sunshine

Projected Urban Growth until 2030 Source: Census 2011 and CoCT Conservatively, we need as many new opportunities over the next 30 years to meet the existing backlog ( opportunities) and future growth ( opportunities) as the existing number of "formal” houses– of all types – in Cape Town today …

Clearly energy provision needs to change

National energy generation and supply

Source of energy within the city context Traditional energy sources are predominantly fossil fuels – coal based electricity, petrol, diesel, coal, fuel oil, paraffin and LPG

Three Electricity Supply Authorities in Cape Town (network)

Energy planning The City of Cape Town operate an advanced Smart Grid. The City of Cape Town would like greater control of the local grid to greater integration. Work with local producers and use the SMART grid to balance demand

SPATIAL PLANNING

Spatial Planning Planning Policy Promotes promoting compact, integrated development Promotes systems based planning and resource efficiency Clustering / colocation of public facilities Piloting area based / integrated management Gated Development Policy - limited public infrastructure within development While policy is in place development is largely market led Due to business-as-usual approach development does not happen when supply is not available – alternatives are not being investigated

CREATING A RESOURCE EFFICIENT CITY MINIMISING THE CITY’S OPERATIONAL BURDEN

Wallacedene and Nonzamo Public Transport Interchanges Piloting projects to minimise operational costs of PTI 100% electricity demand - Solar PV with Back up battery Water harvesting to minimise water use for taxi washing Break-even period for Photo Voltaic System Figure 13 : Graph of facility power demand throughout the day and effect of solar power generation. ItemDescriptionAmountUnit 1 Total Estimated energy generated by PV system (per day) kWh 2Energy Produced per annum kWh 3Energy cost (for energy supplied by grid) R 1.40/kWh 4Value of energy generated per annum R Installation cost of PV system R Break-even period 8.70Years

Energy From Waste Cape Flats Waste Water Treatment Works Minimise operational costs of sewerage treatment Currently upgrading three bio digesters Methane gas is harvested and used to fire boiler Upgrades not intended to supply energy but this is a potential Michael Toll

BUILDING SCALE

SANS : Part XA Deals with energy efficiency Requirement for 50% of hot water demand to be sourced from renewables (solar or heat pumps) Higher insulation requirements – greatly reduce demand

Embedded generation The supply of energy onto the grid is currently not permitted by the energy regulator. The City of Cape Town has developed guidelines for embedded generation. Predominance of prepayment meters in Cape Town. The City of Cape Town is testing a bidirectional meter to allow for feed in onto the grid. Feed in tariffs have been developed but are yet to be approved.

CHALLENGES

Challenges Creating an efficient metropolitan grid (Smart grid) Energy supply legislation - currently prohibits supply of energy between properties. The City relies on income from electricity sales for revenue generation and cross subsidisation for the poor. Capacity limitations of the local authority. Balancing demand and supply – peak - solar. Municipal Financial Management Act restricts the amount the City may pay for any service – people feeding into the Grid can not be paid more than the lowest price (bulk / discounted cost of energy from ESKOM)

OPPORTUNITIES

Opportunities Great potential for embedded generation at development level (commercial / residential) with feed in potential. There may be potential for district energy systems in certain parts of the city (densities where solar is not efficient). District energy as part of a public facilities cluster. Exploring limited / no supply to certain types of development to require local energy generation. Private grids – concerns around exacerbating inequality. Better integration between waste and energy cycles within the City.

Thank You